Obesity-Related Nephropathy in the Pediatric Population: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management - A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.60.72906Keywords
obesity-related glomerulopathy, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, obesityAbstract
Background: Obesity has become a serious problem among children in recent decades. This condition causes metabolic and cardiovascular complications, as well as affects the kidneys. The role of excessive weight has been established as a risk factor for renal disease among adults, but more and more research shows similar outcomes in obese children. The incidence of diagnosed cases of obesity-related nephropathy is constantly on the rise.
Aim of the study: This research aims to highlight the importance of renal complications and their monitoring among the group of high-risk patients in the pediatric population. It also presents the latest evidence supporting the use of early biomarkers for detecting and further monitoring the progression of kidney damage among this group of patients.
Material and methods: Review of scientific literature published within the last fifteen years was conducted to evaluate the influence of obesity among children on renal complications, especially chronic kidney disease.
Results: Complications of obesity, such as hypertension and diabetes, as well as metabolic syndrome, are factors that contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease in children. However, if this condition is not monitored, it can lead to severe kidney damage and rapid disease progression, ultimately resulting in end-stage renal failure. Although researchers view obesity-related glomerulopathy as the result of various mechanisms, the most significant factors are considered to be lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and podocyte damage.
Conclusions: Early detection of nephropathy allows slowing disease progression through lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy, although the existing changes are not reversible. Chronic, progressive kidney disease can reduce not only the quality but also the length of life for young patients.
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