The Role of Resistance Training in the Non-Pharmacological Management of Hypertension in Adults Over 50: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background. Hypertension remains a major cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in older adults, and non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly emphasized.

Aim. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the role of resistance training in the management of hypertension in adults over 50. The paper focuses on its effects on blood pressure, possible mechanisms, and clinical relevance.

Methods. A narrative review design was used. The analysis was based on current clinical guidelines and selected randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses related to resistance training and blood pressure. Studies involving older adults and different resistance training modalities were included.

Results. Evidence from meta-analyses indicates that resistance training can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This has been observed in older adults with prehypertension and diagnosed hypertension. The effect is usually moderate, with decreases of around 3-8 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and smaller changes in diastolic values. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including endothelial function, vascular compliance, and autonomic regulation, although their exact contribution is not always clear.

Different forms of resistance training, such as dynamic, circuit-based, and isometric exercise, seem to have beneficial effects, but results vary depending on training parameters.

Conclusions. Resistance training can be considered a useful part of non-pharmacological management of hypertension in adults over 50. It should be treated as a complementary strategy, alongside other lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment when needed. Further research is still needed to better define optimal training protocols and understand individual differences.