Modern Treatment Approaches for Lymphedema: A Comprehensive Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.58.72669Keywords
lymphedema, rehabilitation, exercise therapy, lymphatic surgery, complete decongestive therapyAbstract
Background:
Lymphedema is a chronic disorder caused by impaired lymphatic drainage, leading to tissue changes, reduced limb function, and limitations in physical performance. Although conservative and surgical treatments are established, their effects on exercise capacity and return to sport remain insufficiently summarized.
Objective:
This narrative review evaluated current and emerging lymphedema treatments, focusing on improving limb function, physical activity, and quality of life in active individuals.
Methods:
A narrative review of studies published between 2015 and 2026 was conducted, supported by key earlier literature. Databases were searched using terms related to lymphedema, rehabilitation, exercise therapy, surgery, and lymphatic reconstruction, with emphasis on functional outcomes.
Results:
Complete decongestive therapy remains the standard conservative treatment, effectively reducing limb volume and maintaining function. Compression therapy and structured exercise are central to symptom control. Progressive resistance and aerobic training are safe and may improve strength, endurance, and physical performance without worsening edema.
Surgical procedures such as lymphovenous anastomosis, vascularized lymph node transfer, and liposuction may provide additional benefits in selected patients. Emerging approaches, including immediate lymphatic reconstruction and regenerative therapies, may improve lymphatic function and prevent progression. Modern imaging techniques support earlier diagnosis and individualized rehabilitation.
Conclusions:
Current lymphedema management increasingly emphasizes functional rehabilitation and preservation of physical capacity rather than only limb volume reduction. Exercise appears safe and beneficial, while surgical and regenerative approaches may further improve outcomes. Evidence regarding athletes and return-to-sport outcomes remains limited, highlighting the need for sport-specific research.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Anna Bulicz, Sebastian Kozłowski, Izabela Kmiecik, Monika Kukla, Joanna Dziarnowska, Olga Kowalczyk, Marta Zdunek, Maciej Stodulski, Justyna Fiks, Izabela Kasprzycka
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