Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Sport: Neurodoping or Performance Support? Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.57.72406Keywords
tDCS, athletic performance, neurodoping, mortar cortex, M1, DLPFC, TTE, RPE, ergogenic aids, neuromodulation, enduranceAbstract
Background. Professional athletes increasingly rely on neurophysiology to enhance athletic
potential. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has become one of techniques to
modulate cortical excitability. It can act as ergogenic aid by modifying motor control and
fatigue perception.
Aim.This systematic review analyzes the impact of tDCS on motor skills, physical
endurance, and cognitive performance. It also addresses the ethical debate surrounding
“neurodoping”.
Materials and Methods. This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA
guidelines. The search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, and Scopus. 62
publications were analyzed, published up to January of 2026. The review focused on anodal
stimulation of M1 and DLPFC regions.
Results. Findings indicate small to moderate effects on performance. The most consistent
results involve reduced perceived exertion and improved Time-to-Exhaustion (TTE),
especially in M1 stimulation. DLPFC stimulation showed benefits in cognitive tasks,
decision-making, and emotional regulation. However, significant heterogeneity existed due to
variations in study methodology.
Conclusions. tDCS can enhance performance by modulating the perception of effort rather
than increasing physical capacity. While not currently prohibited by WADA, the high
variability in results shows need for standardized protocols and further research into longterm effects and ethical regulations.
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