The role of vitamin D and E in dysmenorrhea: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.57.72402Keywords
dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, vitamin D, vitamin E, micronutrientsAbstract
Background. Dysmenorrhea, one of the most common gynecological problems, significantly reduces patients’ quality of life. Standard therapy is based on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives, however it is associated with adverse effects. Alternative treatment methods are being sought, including vitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin D and E.
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D and E supplementation in dysmenorrhea.
Material and methods. In March 2026, the PubMed database was searched. The following strategies were applied: (Dysmenorrhea OR "menstrual pain") AND ("Vitamin D" OR cholecalciferol OR "vitamin D3" OR "25-hydroxyvitamin D" OR 25(OH)D) and (Dysmenorrhea OR "menstrual pain") AND ("Vitamin E" OR tocopherol OR alpha-tocopherol). Studies published in English within the last 10 years were included. After screening titles and abstracts, full-text analysis was performed. Ultimately, 12 publications were included.
Results. An association between vitamin D levels and the severity of menstrual pain was demonstrated, and supplementation led to symptom reduction. Beneficial effects were also observed with the combined use of vitamins D and E, suggesting a possible synergistic effect. The results regarding vitamin E are inconsistent - some studies indicate its effectiveness, particularly in combination with other compounds (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin C), which may be related to its antioxidant properties. However, not all studies confirm this relationship.
Conclusions. Vitamin D and E supplementation may be an effective adjunct in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. However, further studies on larger populations are required.
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