Nordic Walking and Functional Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Awareness regarding the impact of prehabilitation and postoperative rehabilitation on recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has steadily increased in recent years, with growing evidence highlighting their essential role in improving functional outcomes, mobility, and quality of life. Contemporary medical guidelines emphasize not only the importance of structured rehabilitation programs but also the need for individualized therapeutic approaches that consider patients as unique units requiring tailored interventions rather than homogeneous groups. Despite the well-established benefits of conventional rehabilitation strategies, many patients continue to experience limitations in muscle strength, gait performance, and physical activity levels following surgery. In this context, there is an increasing interest in identifying safe, accessible, and effective forms of physical activity that can complement standard rehabilitation protocols. This narrative review aims to examine current evidence on Nordic walking as a potential intervention supporting functional recovery in patients after TKA. Nordic walking, characterized by the use of poles engaging both upper and lower extremities, has been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness, muscular activation, balance, and overall functional capacity in various populations. Its low-impact nature and potential to enhance gait mechanics and stability suggest that it may be particularly suitable for individuals recovering from knee arthroplasty. Although direct evidence in TKA populations remains limited, the physiological and biomechanical benefits observed in other groups indicate that Nordic walking may represent a promising adjunct to rehabilitation programs. Further research is warranted to determine its effectiveness and to establish evidence-based recommendations for its integration into postoperative care.