The Impact of Physical Activity on Breast Cancer Prevention

Abstract

Introduction and aim: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm among women in most countries worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in early detection and treatment methods, breast cancer incidence continues to rise, particularly in highly developed countries. Preventive strategies, especially those emphasizing the promotion of physical activity, play a crucial role in breast cancer prevention by positively influencing hormonal regulation, reducing systemic inflammation, and enhancing metabolic functions. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk.

Methods and materials: This comprehensive literature review utilized the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on studies published over the past 15 years from 2010 to 2025. The search strategy was designed to gather an extensive body of research examining the role of physical activity in the prevention of breast cancer. Key search terms employed included "breast cancer", "physical activity", "exercise" and “prevention”. The selected studies were thoroughly evaluated to ensure quality and rigor, with a focus on their relevance, methodological soundness, and overall significance.

Results and conclusion: A comprehensive literature review confirms that regular physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer by supporting metabolic, hormonal, and immune health in women, both pre- and postmenopausal, including carriers of genetic mutations. Physical activity also has therapeutic value following diagnosis, enhancing quality of life and reducing mortality rates.