Auricular Hematoma in Athletes: Treatment and Risks of Neglect

Abstract

Introduction: Auricular hematoma is most often caused by direct blunt trauma to the outer ear and is frequently seen in individuals who engage in full-contact sports such as boxing, wrestling, and rugby. This condition occurs when blood accumulates between the cartilage and skin, resulting in pressure that compresses the perichondrium, leading to ischemia. If untreated, it can cause infections, perichondritis, necrosis, and permanent deformity, commonly referred to as "cauliflower ear". Standard treatment includes hematoma evacuation and the application of pressure dressings or sutures. However, alternative methods and modifications of standard approaches are currently under investigation.  

Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the current understanding of auricular hematoma and cauliflower ear in athletes, with an emphasis on new treatment approaches, prevention and the potential complications associated with untreated cases. 

Materials and Methods: A review of research literature was conducted through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and the Cochrane Library.

Conclusion: Auricular hematoma is a prevalent injury in contact sports, requiring prompt and effective treatment to prevent complications. New evidence indicates that untreated auricular hematoma may lead to complications such as hearing loss and infections.  Recent advancements in drainage techniques, surgical approaches, and non-invasive approaches offer promising management options. However, current research is limited by small sample sizes, underscoring the need for larger clinical trials and long-term studies.