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Quality in Sport

Ptosis: Clinical overview, etiology and treatment
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Ptosis: Clinical overview, etiology and treatment

Authors

  • Adam Solarz Szpital im. S. Żeromskiego: Kraków, PL https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6039-8449
  • Szymon Szabelski University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Łódź https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5621-2590
  • Katarzyna Skibicka Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3192-9301
  • Estera Graczyk University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Łódź https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4901-0172
  • Oliwia Cwalina Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-0273
  • Joanna Kryślak University Clinical Hospital in Poznań https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5678-2643
  • Maciej Sokołowski Stefan Żeromski Specialist Hospital in Kraków https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8559-0620
  • Karolina Oskroba Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7169-2841
  • Jakub Filip Turcza Department of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3609-8772
  • Małgorzata Woś Stefan Żeromski Specialist Hospital in Kraków https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-9958

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2025.41.59951

Keywords

ptosis, blepharoptosis, frontalis sling procedure, tarsoaponeurectomy, mullerectomy

Abstract

Ptosis is a condition characterized by a low setting of the upper eyelid caused by congenital or acquired dysfunction of the levator muscle. The problem can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, in any age group, and affects over 1 million patients in Poland, with varying degrees of severity. Drooping of the upper eyelid leads to secondary restriction of the visual field, deterioration of vision quality, as well as a subjective decrease in visual acuity. Additionally, it is an aesthetic defect, which consequently negatively impacts the patient's quality of life, self-esteem, and social perception. This article presents key information about ptosis, including clinical implications, etiology, and classification, as well as diagnostic algorithms and methods, and modern surgical treatment approaches.

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Published

2025-05-11

How to Cite

1.
SOLARZ, Adam, SZABELSKI, Szymon, SKIBICKA, Katarzyna, GRACZYK, Estera, CWALINA, Oliwia, KRYŚLAK, Joanna, SOKOŁOWSKI, Maciej, OSKROBA, Karolina, TURCZA, Jakub Filip and WOŚ, Małgorzata. Ptosis: Clinical overview, etiology and treatment. Quality in Sport. Online. 11 May 2025. Vol. 41, p. 59951. [Accessed 13 June 2025]. DOI 10.12775/QS.2025.41.59951.
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Vol. 41 (2025)

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Medical Sciences

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Copyright (c) 2025 Adam Solarz, Szymon Szabelski, Katarzyna Skibicka, Estera Graczyk, Oliwia Cwalina, Joanna Kryślak, Maciej Sokołowski, Karolina Oskroba, Jakub Filip Turcza, Małgorzata Woś

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