Ptosis: Clinical overview, etiology and treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2025.41.59951Keywords
ptosis, blepharoptosis, frontalis sling procedure, tarsoaponeurectomy, mullerectomyAbstract
Ptosis is a condition characterized by a low setting of the upper eyelid caused by congenital or acquired dysfunction of the levator muscle. The problem can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, in any age group, and affects over 1 million patients in Poland, with varying degrees of severity. Drooping of the upper eyelid leads to secondary restriction of the visual field, deterioration of vision quality, as well as a subjective decrease in visual acuity. Additionally, it is an aesthetic defect, which consequently negatively impacts the patient's quality of life, self-esteem, and social perception. This article presents key information about ptosis, including clinical implications, etiology, and classification, as well as diagnostic algorithms and methods, and modern surgical treatment approaches.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Adam Solarz, Szymon Szabelski, Katarzyna Skibicka, Estera Graczyk, Oliwia Cwalina, Joanna Kryślak, Maciej Sokołowski, Karolina Oskroba, Jakub Filip Turcza, Małgorzata Woś
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