The Impact of IQOS® on Health and Physical Performance: Myths vs. Facts - literature review

Abstract

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) strategies aim to minimize the adverse health effects of smoking while allowing nicotine consumption. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) such as IQOS® have been marketed as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes. This literature review examines the chemical composition of IQOS® emissions compared to traditional cigarettes, dispels common myths, and evaluates its impact on the human physiological system, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, long-term carcinogenic risks, and physical performance. Studies indicate that IQOS® emissions contain lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) than conventional cigarettes, but concerns remain regarding certain toxicants, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The product is often perceived as a safer alternative; however, research suggests that its health risks may not be significantly reduced. IQOS® has been linked to pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, oxidative stress, and potential carcinogenic risks. Additionally, its impact on physical performance and metabolism remains unclear. While IQOS® may provide some advantages over traditional cigarettes, misinformation and its appeal to young users raise public health concerns. Further long-term research is necessary to assess its full impact on human health and athletic performance.