Neuroplasticity in Depressive Disorders: The Role of BDNF in Linking Pharmacotherapy and Physical Activity

Abstract

Introduction: Depressive disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions globally, affecting millions of people. Despite extensive research, the exact pathophysiology of depression remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that neuroplasticity, particularly the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays a crucial role in both the onset and treatment of depressive disorders.

Aim of Study: This review explores the relationship between neuroplasticity and depression, focusing on BDNF as a central biomarker and potential therapeutic target. It also examines how antidepressant therapies and physical activity influence neuroplasticity and BDNF levels, offering insights into novel approaches for treating depressive disorders.

Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles with the keywords: "neuroplasticity", "BDNF", "depression", "antidepressants" and "physical activity".

Conclusions: Neuroplasticity, particularly through BDNF signaling, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. Elevated BDNF levels promote synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and recovery of brain function. Antidepressant treatments enhance neuroplasticity by increasing BDNF levels. Antidepressants and physical activity both influence neuroplastic processes, with BDNF serving as a key mediator.