Oral Health Complications of SCUBA Diving

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to assess the specific oral health complications associated with SCUBA diving, including barodontalgia, barosinusitis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and to examine the dental implications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) used in decompression sickness treatment. Additionally, this review identifies gaps in the literature and suggests areas for further research to improve dental care guidelines for divers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases from 2004 to 2024, focusing on terms such as "barodontalgia," "dental barotrauma," and "diving dentistry." From 77 initial articles, 25 studies were selected based on relevance to pressure-induced oral complications, diving-related barotrauma, and dental management for SCUBA divers.

RESULTS 

The review identifies barodontalgia as a prevalent issue, commonly triggered by untreated caries or defective restorations, with symptoms intensified by pressure changes. TMJ disorders, linked to prolonged clenching on diving mouthpieces, and sinus-related barotrauma also emerged as significant concerns. Preventive measures, including regular dental checkups, use of resin-based cements, and customized mouthpieces, are recommended to reduce risks. Furthermore, the review highlights a need for larger, controlled studies across diverse diver populations to validate current recommendations and develop accessible guidelines, especially for recreational divers who may lack access to specialized dental care.