Different faces of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children - cardiological and skin complications- case reports and literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.27.55032Keywords
mycoplasma pneumoniae, children, myocarditis, mucocutaneous lesionsAbstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens responsible for atypical pneumonia, especially in children over the age of 5, where it accounts for about 40% of cases of extramedullary pneumonia. In addition to respiratory-related symptoms, it can lead to a variety of extrapulmonary manifestations associated with involvement of other organs. In this article, we present case reports of two pediatric patients with detected M. pneumoniae infection with associated cardiac and skin complications. The first case report describes an 11.5-year-old boy who was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics because of chest pain, fever and moist cough for several days, who was diagnosed with myocarditis during M. pneumoniae infection. The second case report describes a 17-year-old girl with a recent respiratory infection who was admitted to the hospital for pain, swelling, blistering of the lips and oral mucosa. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can lead to extrapulmonary complications in children, which can produce nonspecific symptoms, so clinical vigilance and early recognition are important to minimize the risk of complications.
References
Atkinson TP, Waites KB. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 Jan;33(1):92-4.
Kumar S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Med Res. 2018 Jan;147(1):23-31.
Beheshti R, Cusack B. Atypical Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Associated With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae. Cureus. 2022 Feb 2;14(2):e21825.
Vercueil A, Walsh S. Extracutaneous manifestations and long-term sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Feb;172(2):312.
Park IH, Choi du Y, Oh YK, Kim JD, Yu ST. A case of acute myopericarditis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a child. Korean Circ J. 2012 Oct;42(10):709-13.
Lih Onn Vei, Vui Chong. Transient cardiac failure secondary to Mycoplasma infection. Brun Int Med J. 2014;10:216–218
Waites KB, Talkington DF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;17(4):697-728, table of contents.
Narita M. Pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with special reference to pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 2010 Jun;16(3):162-9.
Fan Q, Meng J, Li P, Liu Z, Sun Y, Yan P. Pathogenesis and association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with cardiac and hepatic damage. Microbiol Immunol. 2015 Jul;59(7):375-80.
Zhu C, Hu B, Li X, Han W, Liang Y, Ma X. A Case Report of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced fulminant myocarditis in a 15-year-old male leading to cardiogenic shock and electrical storm. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Apr 16;11:1347885.
Wang Y, Xiao Y, Deng X, Xu N, Chen Z. Cardiac thrombus and stroke in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Feb 5;100(5):e24297.
Liu J, He R, Wu R, Wang B, Xu H, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia associated thrombosis at Beijing Children's hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 16;20(1):51.
Song S, Xu Y. A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of 9 children with pulmonary embolism associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Pediatr. 2023 Jul 20;23(1):370.
Narita M. Classification of Extrapulmonary Manifestations Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection on the Basis of Possible Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 28;7:23.
Meyer Sauteur PM, Theiler M, Buettcher M, Seiler M, Weibel L, Berger C. Frequency and Clinical Presentation of Mucocutaneous Disease Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. JAMA Dermatol. 2020 Feb 1;156(2):144-150.
Chen N, Li M. Case Report and Literature Review: Clinical Characteristics of 10 Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis. Front Pediatr. 2022 Mar 3;10:823376.
Søndergaard MJ, Friis MB, Hansen DS, Jørgensen IM. Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 26;13(4):e0195288.
Canavan TN, Mathes EF, Frieden I, Shinkai K. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis as a syndrome distinct from Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Feb;72(2):239-45.
Okarska-Napierała, Magdalena & Guzik, Wioletta & Kuchar, Ernest. (2019). Vesicular rash in a 5-year-old boy with dyspnoea. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna. 15. 407-411. 10.15557/PiMR.2019.0070.
Lofgren D, Lenkeit C. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Spartan Med Res J. 2021 Aug 30;6(2):25284.
Poddighe D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related extra-pulmonary diseases and antimicrobial therapy. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Feb;53(1):188-189.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zuzanna Piasecka, Kinga Knop-Chodyła, Ewelina Wesołek- Bielaska, Anna Kochanowska- Mazurek, Aneta Głaz, Marzena Pliszka, Agnieszka Kuzio, Aleksandra Cieplińska, Kinga Ziojła-Lisowska, Grzegorz Jama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 64
Number of citations: 0
