The Semaglutide: A revolution in the treatment of obesity and prevention of cardiovascular disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.22.55010Keywords
Semaglutide, obesity, weight reduction, GLP-1, cardiometabolic risk factors, drug treatmentAbstract
Introduction and Objective: Obesity represents a significant public health concern in the 21st century, with a substantial burden of disease attributable to its complications, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the treatment of obesity and its impact on cardiometabolic risk factors.
The Review and Methods: This review is based on an analysis of the scientific literature, including meta-analyses and clinical trials. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for publications up to 2023.
Abridged Description of the State of Knowledge: The efficacy of semaglutide in reducing body weight in patients with obesity is supported by evidence from clinical trials. Its mechanism of action includes the delay of gastric emptying and the reduction of hunger. The drug has been demonstrated to exert a beneficial effect on the lipid profile and blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The adverse effects, which are primarily gastrointestinal in nature, are typically mild and resolve with treatment.
Summary: Semaglutide represents a promising therapeutic option for obese patients, offering an effective means of reducing body weight and improving cardiometabolic parameters. However, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of this therapy and its application in different patient populations.
Keywords: Semaglutide, obesity, weight reduction, GLP-1, cardiometabolic risk factors, drug treatment.
References
World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3
Afshin A, Forouzanfar M. H., Reitsma M. B., et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1614362
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3
Kushner R. F., Calanna S., Davies M., et al. Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of obesity: Key elements of the STEP trials 1 to 5.
https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22794
Carlsson Petri, K., Cornejo-Estrada, S., Gourgari, E., Mastrandrea, L., Page, K., & Freemark, M. "Liraglutide – Mechanism of action."
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100545
Gabery, S., Salinas, C. G., Paulsen, S. J., Ahnfelt-Rønne, J., Alanentalo, T., & Baquero, A. F. "Semaglutide lowers body weight in rodents via distributed neural pathways."
https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.133429
Hjerpsted, J. B., Flint, A., Brooks, A., Axelsen, M. B., & Kvist, T. "Semaglutide improves postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism, and delays first-hour gastric emptying in subjects with obesity."
https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13120
O’Neil, P. M., et al. "Efficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patients with obesity."
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31773-2
Ahmann, A. J., Capehorn, M., Charpentier, G., Dotta, F., Henkel, E., Lingvay, I., Holst, A. G., Annett M. P., Aroda V. R.. Efficacy and Safety of Once- Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0417
Friedrichsen, M., et al. "The effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly on energy intake, appetite, control of eating, and gastric emptying in adults with obesity."
https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14280
Monami, M., et al. "Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight: A meta-analysis."
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/672658
Wilding, J.., et al. (2021). "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity." New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11), 989-1002.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2032183
Davies, M., et al. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet, 2021, 397(10278), 971-984.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00213-0
Areesha Moiz, B. S., Jeremy Y. Levett, Kristian B. Filion, Katya Peri, M. S., Pauline Reynier, M. S., and Mark J. Eisenberg. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.041
Gadde, K. M., et al. "Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine combined with topiramate on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial."
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60205-5
X. Gao, X. Hua, X. Wang, W. Xu, Y. Zhang, C. Shi and M. Gu. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide on weight loss in obese or overweight patients without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.935823
D. M. Rubino, F. L. Greenway, U. Khalid, P. M. O’Neil, J. Rosenstock, R. Sørrig, T. A. Wadden, A. Wizert, W. T. Garvey. Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial
https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2021.23619
Ryan, D. H., Lingvay, I., Colhoun, H. M., Deanfield, J., Emerson, S. S., Kahn, S. E., et al. (2020). Semaglutide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity (SELECT) rationale and design.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2020.07.008
T. A. Wadden , T. S Bailey, L. K Billings, M. Davies, J. P Frias, A. Koroleva, I. Lingvay, P. M O'Neil, D. M Rubino, D. Skovgaard, S. O R Wallenstein, W T. Garvey. Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1831
Garvey W. T. , Mechanick J. I., Brett E. M., et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.
https://doi.org/10.4158/ep161365.gl
Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, et al. European guidelines for obesity management in adults.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000442721
W. T. Garvey, R. L Batterham, M. Bhatta, S. Buscemi, L. N Christensen, J. P Frias, E. Jódar, K. Kandler, G. Rigas, T. A Wadden, S. Wharton. Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4
H. C. Tan, O. A. Dampil, M. M. Marquez. Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.037.02.14
C. Y. Lee. A Combination of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and Dietary Intervention Could Be a Promising Approach for Obesity Treatment
https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffendo.2021.748477
Donna H Ryan, Ildiko Lingvay, Helen M Colhoun, John Deanfield, Scott S Emerson, Steven E Kahn, Robert F Kushner, Steve Marso, Jorge Plutzky, Kirstine Brown-Frandsen, Marianne O L Gronning, G Kees Hovingh, Anders Gaarsdal Holst, Henrik Ravn, A Michael Lincoff. Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity (SELECT) rationale and design
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Wiktoria Bilska, Ada Żydek, Urszula Ciułek, Wiktoria Paduch-Jakubczyk, Michalina Dubińska, Wiktoria Zduńczyk, Anna Dobosz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 302
Number of citations: 0
