Physical Activity as a Protective Factor Against Depression Incidence and as a Treatment for Depression
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.22.54625Keywords
depression, excercises, mental health, non-pharmacological, reviewAbstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Depression is one of the most common and serious mental health disorders that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act. This syndrome is characterized by stress and emotion dysregulation, involving compromised structural integrity of frontal-limbic networks.It causes persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest in activities once enjoyed. Effective treatments, including therapy and medication, are available and can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. The aspect of physical activity as a component of depression treatment is currently being intensively studied.
Purpose of work:
This work provides a review of the knowledge on the relationship between physical activity and depression.
Summary:
Depression has a profound impact on the personal life, relationships, and work of those affected by the condition. Pharmacological and psychological interventions remain the cornerstone of treatment. However, these treatments do not produce the desired effects in all patients. This article presents the conclusion that physical exercise, as an alternative method for preventing and treating depression, is effective. The recent literature also suggests significant mental health benefits from being physically active, even at levels below the public health recommendations. Therefore, health practitioners should encourage any increase in physical activity to enhance mental health.
References
Filatova EV, Shadrina MI, Slominsky PA. Major depression: one brain, one disease, one set of intertwined processes. Cells. 2021; 10:1283.
R. Cui, Editorial: a systematic review of depression Curr. Neuropharmacol., 13 (4) (2015)
Péter Torzsa, Lilla Szeifert, Klaudia Dunai, László Kalabay, Márta Novák, Diagnosis and therapy of depression in family practice, Orv Hetil. 2009 Sep 6;150(36):1684-93.
Monroe SM, Harkness KL. Major depression and its recurrences: life course matters. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2022; 18:329–357.
Liu Q, He H, Yang J, Feng X, Zhao F, Lyu J. 2020. Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. J. Psychiatr. Res. 126:134–40
Greenberg PE, Fournier A-A, Sisitsky T, Simes M, Berman R et al. 2021. The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2010 and 2018). Pharmacoeconomics 39:653–65
Schuch, Felipe Barreto PhD; Stubbs, Brendon PhD, The Role of Exercise in Preventing and Treating Depression, Current Sports Medicine Reports 18(8):p 299-304, August 2019.
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: at a glance. World Health Organization. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
American Psychiatric Association, ed. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6.
Ryan J, Carrière I, Ritchie K et al. (2015) Involvement of GPR50 polymorphisms in depression: independent replication in a prospective elderly cohort. Brain Behav 5:e00313.
Weyerer S, Eifflaender-Gorfer S, Wiese B et al. (2013) Incidence and predictors of depression in non-demented primary care attenders aged 75 years and older: results from a 3-year follow-up study. Age Ageing 42:173–180.
Lampinen P, Heikkinen E (2003) Reduced mobility and physical activity as predictors of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults: an eight-year follow-up study. Aging Clin Exp Res 15:205–211.
Chou K-L (2007) Combined effect of vision and hearing impairment on depression in older adults: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of the Ageing. J Affect Disord:191–196
Chou K-L (2007) Reciprocal relationship between pain and depression in older adults: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Affect Disord 102:115–123.
Conde-Sala JL, Garre-Olmo J, Calvó-Perxas L et al. (2019) Course of depressive symptoms and associated factors in people aged 65+ in Europe: A two-year follow-up. J Affect Disord 245:440–450.
Makizako H, Shimada H, Doi T et al. (2015) Physical frailty predicts incident depressive symptoms in elderly people: prospective findings from the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc 16:194–199.
Lyness JM, Yu Q, Tang W et al. (2009) Risks for depression onset in primary care elderly patients: potential targets for preventive interventions. Am J Psychiatry 166:1375–1383.
Luppa M, Luck T, König H-H et al. (2012) Natural course of depressive symptoms in late life. An 8-year population-based prospective study. J Affect Disord 142:166–171.
Yokoyama E, Kaneita Y, Saito Y et al. (2010) Association between depression and insomnia subtypes: a longitudinal study on the elderly in Japan. Sleep 33:1693–1702.
Mossaheb N, Weissgram S, Zehetmayer S et al. (2009) Late-onset depression in elderly subjects from the Vienna Transdanube Aging (VITA) study. J Clin Psychiatry 70:500–508.
Tani Y, Fujiwara T, Kondo N et al. (2016) Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Onset of Depression among Japanese Older Adults: The JAGES Prospective Cohort Study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 24:717–726.
Dong Y, Yang FM (2019) Insomnia symptoms predict both future hypertension and depression. Preventive Medicine 123:41–47.
Uemura K, Makizako H, Lee S et al. (2018) Behavioral protective factors of increased depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 33:e234–e241.
Tsutsumimoto K, Makizako H, Doi T et al. (2017) Prospective associations between sedentary behaviour and incident depressive symptoms in older people: a 15-month longitudinal cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 32:193–200.
Dong Y, Yang FM (2019) Insomnia symptoms predict both future hypertension and depression. Preventive Medicine 123:41–47.
Alexander Maier, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Alexander Pabst, Melanie Luppa, Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review, Plos One May 13, 2021
Ferguson, J. M. (2001). "SSRI Antidepressant Medications: Adverse Effects and Tolerability." Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), 22-27.
Cipriani, A., et al. (2018). "Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." The Lancet, 391(10128), 1357-1366.
Anderson, I. M. (2000). "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability." Journal of Affective Disorders, 58(1), 19-36.
Campbell LF, Norcross JC, Vasquez MJ, Kaslow NJ. Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness: the APA resolution. Psychother. 2013;50:98.
Pim Cuijpers, Soledad Quero, Christopher Dowrick, Bruce Arroll, Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019; 21(12): 129. Published online 2019 Nov 23.
Linde K, Sigterman K, Kriston L, Rucker G, Jamil S, Meissner K, et al. Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13:56–68.
Ekers D, Webster L, Van Straten A, Cuijpers P, Richards D, Gilbody S. Behavioural activation for depression; an update of meta-analysis of effectiveness and sub group analysis. Plos One. 2014;9(6):e100100.
Cuijpers P, Donker T, Weissman MM, Ravitz P, Cristea IA. Interpersonal psychotherapy for mental health problems: a comprehensive meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;173:680–687.
Swathi Gujral, Howard Aizenstein, Charles F Reynolds 3rd, Meryl A Butters, Kirk I Erickson, Exercise effects on depression: Possible neural mechanisms, 2017 Nov:49:2-10
Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Andersson G, van Oppen P. Psychotherapy for depression in adults: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76:909–922.
Barth J, Munder T, Gerger H, Nuesch E, Trelle S, Znoj H, et al. Comparative efficacy of seven psychotherapeutic interventions for depressed patients: a network meta-analysis. Plos Med. 2013;10:e1001454.
de Oliveira GD, Oancea SC, Nucci LB, et al. The association between physical activity and depression among individuals residing in Brazil. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2018; 53:373–83.
Stubbs B, Koyanagi A, Schuch FB, et al. Physical activity and depression: a large cross-sectional, population-based study across 36 low- and middle-income countries. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2016; 134:546–56.
Pearce M, Garcia L, Abbas A, Strain T, Schuch FB, Golubic R, Kelly P, Khan S, Utukuri M, Laird Y, Mok A, Smith A, Tainio M, Brage S, Woodcock J. Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 1;79(6):550-559. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0609. PMID: 35416941;
Berk M, Kapczinski F, Andreazza AC, Dean OM, Giorlando F, Maes M, Yucel M, Gama CS, Dodd S, Dean B, Magalhães PV, Amminger P, McGorry P, Malhi GS: Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010, 35 (3): 804-817.
Berk M, Conus P, Kapczinski F, Andreazza AC, Yucel M, Wood SJ, Pantelis C, Malhi GS, Dodd S, Bechdolf A, Amminger GP, Hickie IB, McGorry PD: From neuroprogression to neuroprotection: implications for clinical care. Med J Aust. 2010, 193 (4 Suppl): S36-S40.
Ernst C, Olson AK, Pinel JPJ, Lam RW, Christie BR: Antidepressant effects of exercise: evidence for an adult-neurogenesis hypothesis?. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2006, 31 (2): 84-92.
Dey S, Singh RH, Dey PK: Exercise training: significance of regional alterations in serotonin metabolism of rat brain in relation to antidepressant effect of exercise. Physiol Behav. 1992, 52 (6): 1095-1099. 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90465-E.
Chaouloff F: Effects of acute physical exercise on central serotonergic systems. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997, 29 (1): 58-62. 10.1097/00005768-199701000-00009.
Mastorakos G, Pavlatou M, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Chrousos GP: Exercise and the stress system. Hormones (Athens). 2005, 4 (2): 73-89.
T B, G N, I B, Tefner I, Kádas E, Géher P: The effect of physical therapy on beta-endorphin levels. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007, 100 (4): 371-382. 10.1007/s00421-007-0469-9. Epub 2007 May 5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Karolina Oluszczak, Karolina Korta, Anna Szeliga, Agata Szostak, Konrad Wawszkowicz, Maria Janina Śmigielska-Mikołajczyk, Liliana Dyląg, Weronika Łowicka, Kinga Szopińska, Magdalena Graca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 135
Number of citations: 0
