Adverse effects of treating bruxism and masseter muscle hypertrophy with botulinum toxin injection - a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.21.54012Keywords
Botulinum toxin, masseter hypertrophy, bruxism, adverse effectsAbstract
Background Botulinum toxin injection in the masseter muscle has gained popularity for both therapeutic and aesthetic applications, such as treating bruxism, masseter hypertrophy and lower facial slimming. Despite its efficacy, adverse effects associated with this procedure have been documented. This literature review aims to analyse and summarize the adverse effects associated with botulinum toxin injection in the masseter muscle, examining their incidence, underlying mechanisms and management strategies.
Keywords botulinum toxin, masseter hypertrophy, bruxism, complications, adverse effects
Material and methods A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted using above-mentioned keywords.
Conclusions Masseter muscle botox injection is considered a safe procedure with low incidence rate. Although the complications are temporary, they can significantly reduce patient satisfaction and confidence. To minimize the risk of complications, clinicians should familiarize themselves with risk mitigation strategies.
References
Beddis, H., Pemberton, M., & Davies, S. (2018). Sleep bruxism: an overview for clinicians. BDJ. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.757
Lee, D. H., Jin, S.-P., Cho, S., Feneran, A., Youn, C. S., Won, C. H., … Lee, M. W. (2013). RimabotulinumtoxinB versus OnabotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Masseter Hypertrophy: A 24-Week Double-Blind Randomized Split-Face Study. Dermatology, 226(3), 227–232. doi:10.1159/000349984
Tuba Develi, Tansu Uzel, Emre Cesur, Sina Uçkan (2022) Long-term effects of botulinum toxin A injection on pain and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain of masticatory muscles: a retrospective study https://doi.org/10.5114/jos.2022.114218
Aoki KR. Review of a proposed mechanism for the antinociceptive action of botulinum toxintype A. Neurotoxicology 2005;26:785–93
Peng, H.-L. P., & Peng, J.-H. (2017). Complications of botulinum toxin injection for masseter hypertrophy: Incidence rate from 2036 treatments and summary of causes and preventions. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(1), 33–38. doi:10.1111/jocd.12473
Yeh, Y.-T., Peng, J.-H., & Peng, H.-L. P. (2018). Literature review of the adverse events associated with botulinum toxin injection for the masseter muscle hypertrophy. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. doi:10.1111/jocd.12721
Choe SW, Cho WI, Lee CK, Seo SJ. Effects of botulinum toxin type A on contouring of the lower face. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(5):502‐ 508.
Kim JH, Shin JH, Kim ST, Kim CY. Effects of two different units of botulinum toxin type a evaluated by computed tomography and electromyographic measurements of human masseter muscle. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(2):711‐717.
Shafei, S., Raafat, S., & Amin, A. (2022). Botilinium toxin injection, a potentially effective method for preventing implant failure in patients with bruxism. Egyptian Dental Journal, 68(3), 2561-2570. https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2022.130816.2052
Persaud, R., Garas, G., Silva, S., Stamatoglou, C., Chatrath, P., & Patel, K. (2013). An evidence-based review of botulinum toxin (botox) applications in non-cosmetic head and neck conditions. JRSM Short Reports, 4(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042533312472115
Hwang, K. (2014). Discussion on the risorius muscle. Dermatologic Surgery, 40(12), 1340-1341. https://doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000000144
Rathod, N. and John, R. (2023). Botulinum toxin injection for masseteric hypertrophy using 6 point injection technique – a case report. proposal of a clinical technique to quantify prognosis. Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, Volume 15, 45-49. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccide.s396057
Liew S, Dart A. Nonsurgical reshaping of the lower face. Aesthet Surg J. 2008;28(3):251–257.
Wei J, Dong J, Li Q, Dai C. Prolonging the duration of masseter muscle reduction by adjusting the masticatory movements after the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy with botulinum toxin type A injection. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41(Suppl 1):S101–S109.
Ahn, J., Horn, C., & Blitzer, A. (2004). Botulinum toxin for masseter reduction in asian patients. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 6(3), 188-191. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.6.3.188
Yu, X., Diao, X., Dong, D., Xu, W., Liu, T., Zhou, Y. & Chen, Y. (2022). Effects of two botulinum toxin type a evaluated by shear wave elastography and electromyographic measurements of masseter reduction. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 33(5), 1450-1453. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000008368
Wu W. Botox facial slimming/facial sculpting: the role of botulinum Toxin‐A in the treatment of hypertrophic masseteric muscle and parotid enlargement to narrow the lower facial width. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2010;18(1):133‐140.
Kim NH, Chung JH, Park RH, Park JB. The use of botulinum toxin type A in aesthetic mandibular contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(3):919–930.
Lee SJ, Kang JM, Kim YK, Park J, Kim DY. Paradoxical bulging of muscle after injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A into hypertrophied masseter muscle. J Dermatol. 2012;39:804-805.
Lee HJ, Kang IW, Seo KK, et al. The anatomical basis of paradoxical masseteric bulging after botulinum neurotoxin type A injection. Toxins (Basel). 2017;9:14.
Lee SK. Antibody‐induced failure of botulinum toxin type A therapy in a patient with masseteric hypertrophy. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33(1 Spec No.):S105–S110.
Fabi, S., Park, J., Ho, W., Vachiramon, V., & Dayan, S. (2023). Aesthetic considerations for treating the asian patient: thriving in diversity international roundtable series. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 22(6), 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15787
Rewari, A., Dabas, N., Sanan, R., Phogat, S., Phukela, S., & Vigarniya, M. (2020). Esthetic rehabilitation using magnet-retained cheek plumper prosthesis. Case Reports in Dentistry, 2020, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2769873
Wu, Y. and Wu, S. (2023). Botulinum toxin type a for the treatment of masseter muscle prominence in asian populations. Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, 5. https://doi.org/10.1093/asjof/ojad005
Yu, P., Zhai, H., Li, Z., Dong, R., Wu, T., Li, L., … & Yu, N. (2021). Pivotal role of injection volume on sunken cheek prevention in masseter muscle bont‐a injection: a cadaver study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(1), 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14658
Brown, A. and Teller, C. (2022). Identifying and managing complications caused by cosmetic neurotoxin treatment. Dermatological Reviews, 3(4), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.149
Gur, E., Stahl, S., Barnea, Y., Leshem, D., Zaretski, A., Amir, A., … & Arad, E. (2009). Comprehensive approach in surgical reconstruction of facial nerve paralysis: a 10-year perspective. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 26(03), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1242139
Hwang K. Discussion on the risorius muscle: anatomic considerations with reference to botulinum neurotoxin injection for masseteric hypertrophy. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(12):1340–1341.
Yi KH, Lee HJ, Hur HW, Seo KK, Kim HJ. Guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection for facial contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022;150:562e-71e.
Ferreira-Pileggi, B., Freire, A., Botacin, P., Prado, F., & Rossi, A. (2022). A different pattern of arrangement of the risorius muscle fibers: a case report. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22922
Bae JH, Choi DY, Lee JG. The risorius muscle: anatomic considerations with reference to botulinum neurotoxin injection for masseteric hypertrophy. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(12):1334–1339.
Mehta, V. (2023). A review on bigonial width reduction by botulinum toxin injections in masseter. Bioinformation, 19(3), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630019272
Hsu TS, Dover JS, Arndt KA. Effect of volume and concentration on the diffusion of botulinum exotoxin A. Arch Dermatol 2004;140: 1351Y1354
Kim, D.-H., Hong, H.-S., Won, S.-Y., Kim, H.-J., Hu, K.-S., Choi, J.-H., & Kim, H.-J. (2010). Intramuscular Nerve Distribution of the Masseter Muscle as a Basis for Botulinum Toxin Injection. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 21(2), 588–591. doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3181d08bb3
Shehri, Z., Alkhouri, I., Hajeer, M., Haddad, I., & Hawa, M. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of low-dose botulinum toxin injection into the masseter muscle for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32180
Tomeva, N., Deliverska, E., & Ignatov, P. (2022). The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in different oral and maxillofacial conditions. Journal of Medical and Dental Practice, 9(2), 1491-1497. https://doi.org/10.18044/medinform.202292.1491
Dimberg U, Petterson M. Facial reactions to happy and angry facial expressions: evidence for right hemisphere dominance. Psychophysiology. 2000 Sep;37(5):693-6. PMID: 11037045.
Thomas RJ, Whittaker J, Pollock J. Discerning a smile - The intricacies of analysis of post-neck dissection asymmetry. Am J Otolaryngol. 2022 Jan-Feb;43(1):103271. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103271.
Yoshitatsu S, Shiraishi M, Arika T. A fascia bow traction method for the treatment of unilateral marginal mandibular nerve paralysis after mandibulectomy for head and neck cancer. JPRAS Open. 2022 Jul 30;34:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.07.004.
Witmanowski H, Błochowiak K. The whole truth about botulinum toxin - a review. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020 Dec;37(6):853-861. doi: 10.5114/ada.2019.82795.
Wu WTL. Botox facial slimming/facial sculpting: the role of botulinum toxin-a in the treatment of hypertrophic masseteric muscle and parotid enlargement to narrow the lower facial width. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2010;18:133-140.
Baş B, Ozan B, Muğlali M, Celebi N. Treatment of masseteric hypertrophy with botulinum toxin: a report of two cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(4):e649–e652.
43.Dutra, E., Brien, M., Lima, A., Kalajzić, Ž., Tadinada, A., Nanda, R., … & Yadav, S. (2016). Cellular and matrix response of the mandibular condylar cartilage to botulinum toxin. Plos One, 11(10), e0164599. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164599
Kim, D., Jang, H., Park, K., & Huh, J. (2019). Effect of bisphosphonate on temporomandibular joint in osteopenia-induced rats by botulinum toxin injection on masticatory muscle: a preliminary study. Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-019-0193-5
Lee, H.-J., Kim, S.-J., Lee, K.-J., Yu, H.-S., & Baik, H.-S. (2017). Repeated injections of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle induce bony changes in human adults: A longitudinal study. The Korean Journal of Orthodontics, 47(4), 222. doi:10.4041/kjod.2017.47.4.222
Lee, H., Choi, Y., Lee, K., Kim, S., & Kim, H. (2019). Ultrasonography of the internal architecture of the superficial part of the masseter muscle in vivo. Clinical Anatomy, 32(3), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23337
Bae H, Kim J, Seo KK, Hu KS, Kim ST, Kim HJ. Comparison between Conventional Blind Injections and Ultrasound-Guided Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A into the Masseter: A Clinical Trial. Toxins (Basel). 2020 Sep 11;12(9):588. doi: 10.3390/toxins12090588.
Kobal F, Baqer A, Shanthini Singaram J. Botulinum Toxin A for Spastic Trismus Due to Brain Stem Encephalitis in a Pediatric Intensive Care Setting: A Unique Case Report. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2018 Dec;7(4):216-218. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660507.
Alwayli, H. (2016). Treatment of chronic pain associated with nocturnal bruxism with botulinum toxin. a prospective and randomized clinical study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 0-0. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.53084
Quezada-Gaon, N., Wortsman, X., Peñaloza, O., & Carrasco, J. (2016). Comparison of clinical marking and ultrasound‐guided injection of botulinum type a toxin into the masseter muscles for treating bruxism and its cosmetic effects. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 15(3), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12208
Koo, H. (2023). Do repetitive botulinum neurotoxin injections induce muscle fibrosis? sonographic observation of the masseter muscle. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 23(2), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16022
Li, Z., Li, Z., Li, Y., Dong, R., Chen, C., Huang, J., … & Yu, N. (2022). Ultrasonographic observation of the masseter muscle after injection of different botulinum toxin type a. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(11), 5555-5561. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15106
Camgoz, M., Erdil, D., Bağiş, N., Eren, H., & Orhan, K. (2023). The evaluation of the relationship between changes in masseter muscle thickness and tooth clenching habits of bruxism patients treated with botulinum toxin a. Journal of Medical Ultrasound, 31(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmu.jmu_51_22
Kalman, L., Piva, A., Queiroz, T., & Tribst, J. (2021). Biomechanical behavior evaluation of a novel hybrid occlusal splint-mouthguard for contact sports: 3D-FEA. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0277.v1
Parte, A., Monticelli, F., Toro-Román, V., & Fuente, F. (2021). Differences in oral health status in elite athletes according to sport modalities. Sustainability, 13(13), 7282. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137282
Queiroz, R., Castro, R., Caponi, L., Gosalvez, M., Calvo, J., Drago, S., … & Fernández, M. (2021). Oral health conditions and self-reported presence of pain in rowers: an epidemiology study. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte, 27(6), 549-552. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127062021_0131
Miranda, J., Santos, J., Aquino, J., Bonato, L., Carvalho, R., Filho, G., … & Tesch, R. (2022). Risks of resistance training for the bruxism: a cross-sectional study. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 15(9), e10882. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e10882.2022
Freiwald, H., Schwarzbach, N., & Wolowski, A. (2020). Effects of competitive sports on temporomandibular dysfunction: a literature review. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03742-2
Queiroz, T. (2023). Ergonomic sports mouthguards: a narrative literature review and future perspectives. Applied Sciences, 13(20), 11353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011353
Bonotto, D., Namba, E., Veiga, D., Wandembruck, F., Mussi, F., Cunali, P., … & Azevedo‐Alanis, L. (2015). Professional karate‐do and mixed martial arts fighters present with a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders. Dental Traumatology, 32(4), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12238
Vinereanu, A., Munteanu, A., Stănculescu, A., Farcașiu, A., & Didilescu, A. (2022). Ecological study on the oral health of romanian intellectually challenged athletes. Healthcare, 10(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010140
Pinho, R., Campos, V., Pereira, C., & Farias, F. (2023). Brazilian special olympics athletes: oral health problems. Special Care in Dentistry, 44(1), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12836
Khan, K., Qadir, A., Trakman, G., Aziz, T., Khattak, M., Nabi, G., … & Shahzad, M. (2022). Sports and energy drink consumption, oral health problems and performance impact among elite athletes. Nutrients, 14(23), 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235089
Gaofeng L, Jun T, Bo P, et al. Evaluation and selecting indications for the treatment of improving facial morphology by masseteric injection of botulinum toxin type A. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63(12):2026–2031.
Klein FH, Brenner FM, Sato MS, et al. Lower facial remodeling with botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of masseter hypertrophy. An Bras Dermatol. 2014;89(6):878–884.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Klaudia Ratyna, Oliwia Bochenek, Mateusz Koper, Jessica Kałuża, Adrian Konaszczuk, Aleksandra Nowak, Oliwia Kozyra, Zofia Szypuła, Katarzyna Paluch, Małgorzata Skarbek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 294
Number of citations: 0
