Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and derivatives in the treatment of obesity - review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.20.53995Keywords
obesity, weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonist, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, semaglutide, tirzepatideAbstract
Abstract:
Obesity is a chronic and insidious disease that represents a significant global. The World Health Organization has announced that almost 60% of European adults are overweight or obese. Complex hormonal and metabolic adaptations in obesity can prevent weight loss, despite changes in dietary and activity habits. Over the years, the number of anti-obesity drugs has been small and their efficacy has been inadequate, but powerful new drugs from the GLP-1 receptor agonists group have emerged. Studies indicate that drugs in the GLP-1 RA group can be effective in reducing weight in obese people both with and without diabetes. Several preparations are available on the market with varying efficacy and risk of side effects and new drugs are still being registered.
Materials and Methods:
Analysis of information on the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 receptor agonists using PubMed sources, including the epidemiology of obesity, types of GLP-1 RA drugs, their efficacy and safety.
Aim:
The aim of this publication was to gather the latest information on the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 receptor agonists. We wanted to present the epidemiology of obesity, the types of drugs, their efficacy and safety.
Conclusions:
Obesity is a significant problem in today's world and affects more than half of European adults. Drugs that are GLP-1 receptor agonists can effectively bridge the gap between behavioural strategies and bariatric surgery. Studies indicate that treatment with GLP-1 RAs can lead to significant weight loss in overweight and obese individuals compared to placebo, and tirzepatide appears to have the greatest efficacy.
Keywords: obesity, weight loss, GLP-1 receptor agonist, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, semaglutide, tirzepatide.
References
Blüher M, Aras M, Aronne LJ, Batterham RL, Giorgino F, Ji L, et al. New insights into the treatment of obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Aug 5;25(8):2058-72.
Safaei M, Sundararajan EA, Driss M, Boulila W, Shapi'i A. A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity. Comput Biol Med. 2021 Sep;136:104754.
Wang JY, Wang QW, Yang XY, Yang W, Li DR, Jin JY, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1085799.
Jackson VM, Breen DM, Fortin JP, Liou A, Kuzmiski JB, Loomis AK, et al. Latest approaches for the treatment of obesity. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2015 Aug 3;10(8):825-39.
RITCHIE H, ROSER M. Obesity [Published online at OurWorldInData. org]. 2017;
popoviciu MS, Păduraru L, Yahya G, Metwally K, Cavalu S. Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 21;24(13):10449.
Condon C. The Fat Bomb Exploded but no One Heard the Bang. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2006 Jun 23;5(2):99-101.
Guo X, Zhou Z, Lyu X, Xu H, Zhu H, Pan H, et al. The Antiobesity Effect and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in Overweight/Obese Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2022 Jul 5;54(07):458-71.
Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 May 27;15(5):288-98.
Drucker DJ. GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Mol Metab. 2022 Mar;57:101351.
MICHALOWSKA J, BOGDANSKI P. The role of hormones and incretin drugs in the therapy of obesity and selected metabolic disorders. Forum of Metabolic Disorders. 2021;61-9.
Hira T, Pinyo J, Hara H. What Is GLP-1 Really Doing in Obesity? Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020 Feb;31(2):71-80.
Drucker DJ. The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab. 2006 Mar;3(3):153-65.
miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Ban N, Ihara Y, Tsukiyama K, Zhou H, Fujimoto S, Oku A, Tsuda K, Toyokuni S, Hiai H. Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity. Nature medicine. 2002 Jul 1;8(7):738-42.
Holst JJ. The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1. Physiol Rev. 2007 Oct;87(4):1409-39.
Nauck MA, Meier JJ. The incretin effect in healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes: physiology, pathophysiology, and response to therapeutic interventions. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Jun;4(6):525-36.
Kanoski SE, Hayes MR, Skibicka KP. GLP-1 and weight loss: unraveling the diverse neural circuitry. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2016 May 15;310(10):R885-95.
Kanoski SE, Fortin SM, Arnold M, Grill HJ, Hayes MR. Peripheral and Central GLP-1 Receptor Populations Mediate the Anorectic Effects of Peripherally Administered GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Liraglutide and Exendin-4. Endocrinology. 2011 Aug 1;152(8):3103-12.
Grill HJ, Hayes MR. Hindbrain Neurons as an Essential Hub in the Neuroanatomically Distributed Control of Energy Balance. Cell Metab. 2012 Sep;16(3):296-309.
Alhadeff AL, Baird JP, Swick JC, Hayes MR, Grill HJ. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling in the Lateral Parabrachial Nucleus Contributes to the Control of Food Intake and Motivation to Feed. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Aug 26;39(9):2233-43.
Mayoral LC, Andrade G, Mayoral EC, Huerta T, Canseco S, Rodal Canales F, et al. Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2020;151(1):11.
KRETSCHMER Ansgar. Was steckt hinter den Abnehmspritzen? Pharma+ Food. 2024;
Bettge K, Kahle M, Abd El Aziz MS, Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic analysis of published clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Mar 19;19(3):336-47.
Trujillo JM, Nuffer W, Smith BA. GLP-1 receptor agonists: an updated review of head-to-head clinical studies. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 9;12:204201882199732.
Hedrington MS, Davis SN. Oral semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019 Jan 22;20(2):133-41.
Kim D, MacConell L, Zhuang D, Kothare PA, Trautmann M, Fineman M, et al. Effects of Once-Weekly Dosing of a Long-Acting Release Formulation of Exenatide on Glucose Control and Body Weight in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun 1;30(6):1487-93.
Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art. Mol Metab. 2021 Apr;46:101102.
Negrean M. Tirzepatid-der Gamechanger in der Diabetestherapie? Info Diabetologie, 2024, 18.1: 26-29.
Grill HJ. A Role for GLP-1 in Treating Hyperphagia and Obesity. Endocrinology. 2020 Aug 1;161(8).
Zhang F, Tong Y, Su N, Li Y, Tang L, Huang L, et al. Weight loss effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics on obese/overweight adults without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes. 2015 May 10;7(3):329-39.
O'Neil PM, Birkenfeld AL, McGowan B, Mosenzon O, Pedersen SD, Wharton S, et al. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide compared with liraglutide and placebo for weight loss in patients with obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 trial. The Lancet. 2018 Aug;392(10148):637-49.
Rodriguez PJ, Goodwin Cartwright BM, Gratzl S, Brar R, Baker C, Gluckman TJ, et al. Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Jul 8;
Shetty R, Basheer FT, Poojari PG, Thunga G, Chandran VP, Acharya LD. Adverse drug reactions of GLP-1 agonists: A systematic review of case reports. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2022 Mar;16(3):102427.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Michal Rabenda, Adam Słomczyński, Piotr Zatyka, Agata Pawłowska, Dominika Opala, Dobromiła Osuch, Piotr Janik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 85
Number of citations: 0
