Are they give you wings or cut you down - an analysis of the effects of energy drinks on human health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.16.53025Keywords
energy drink, caffeine, energy shots, taurineAbstract
This work aims to study the effects of energy drink consumption on human health. In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks has increased significantly, which has sparked the interest of scientists and health experts. In Poland and a few other countries, new laws have been applied to regulate the consumption of energy drinks by minors. In this review paper, we analyze the available scientific research on the effects of energy drinks on physical and mental health. In this paper, we focus on the potential benefits and risks of consuming energy drinks, and the common and dangerous combination with alcohol. We discuss the effects of caffeine, taurine, guarana and other ingredients on the body, and their potential side effects. In addition, we consider the effects of these beverages on the cardiovascular system, cognitive ability, and possible health effects associated with excessive consumption. The conclusions of this work can help to understand the complex health effects of energy drinks and draw attention to the need for caution and moderation in their consumption. Ultimately, this work aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on this issue to assist in making informed decisions about energy drink consumption in the context of a healthy lifestyle.
References
S. M. Seifert, J. L. Schaechter, E. R. Hershorin, and S. E. Lipshultz, “Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults,” Pediatrics, vol. 127, no. 3, p. 511, 2011, doi: 10.1542/PEDS.2009-3592.
C. J. Reissig, E. C. Strain, and R. R. Griffiths, “Caffeinated Energy Drinks-A Growing Problem”, doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001.
S. Zucconi et al., “Gathering consumption data on specific consumer groups of energy drinks,” EFSA Supporting Publications, vol. 10, no. 3, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.2903/SP.EFSA.2013.EN-394.
R. L. Bailey, L. G. Saldanha, J. J. Gahche, and J. T. Dwyer, “Estimating caffeine intake from energy drinks and dietary supplements in the United States,” 2007, doi: 10.1111/nure.12138.
C. P. Curran and C. A. Marczinski, “Taurine, Caffeine, and Energy Drinks: Reviewing the Risks to the Adolescent Brain,” Birth Defects Res, vol. 109, no. 20, p. 1640, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1002/BDR2.1177.
S. V. Heatherley, K. M. F. Hancock, and P. J. Rogers, “Psychostimulant and other effects of caffeine in 9- to 11-year-old children,” J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 135–142, Feb. 2006, doi: 10.1111/J.1469-7610.2005.01457.X.
S. Baliou et al., “Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress,” Mol Med Rep, vol. 24, no. 2, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.3892/MMR.2021.12242.
S. Sankararaman, W. Syed, V. Medici, and T. J. Sferra, “Impact of Energy Drinks on Health and Well-being,” Curr Nutr Rep, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 121–130, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1007/S13668-018-0231-4.
D. B. Souza, J. Del Coso, J. Casonatto, and M. D. Polito, “Acute effects of caffeine-containing energy drinks on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Eur J Nutr, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 13–27, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1007/S00394-016-1331-9/METRICS.
H. J. Smit, J. R. Cotton, S. C. Hughes, and P. J. Rogers, “Mood and cognitive performance effects of ‘energy’ drink constituents: caffeine, glucose and carbonation,” Nutr Neurosci, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 127–139, Jun. 2004, doi: 10.1080/10284150400003041.
C. Alford, H. Cox, and R. Wescott, “The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood,” Amino Acids, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 139–150, 2001, doi: 10.1007/S007260170021/METRICS.
C. F. Brice and A. P. Smith, “Effects of caffeine on mood and performance: A study of realistic consumption,” Psychopharmacology (Berl), vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 188–192, 2002, doi: 10.1007/S00213-002-1175-2/METRICS.
T. M. McLellan, J. A. Caldwell, and H. R. Lieberman, “A review of caffeine’s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance,” Neurosci Biobehav Rev, vol. 71, pp. 294–312, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2016.09.001.
H. J. Smit and P. J. Rogers, “Effects of ‘energy’ drinks on mood and mental performance: critical methodology,” Food Qual Prefer, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 317–326, Jul. 2002, doi: 10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00044-7.
M. Goldfarb, C. Tellier, and G. Thanassoulis, “Review of published cases of adverse cardiovascular events after ingestion of energy drinks,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 168–172, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.058.
J. R. Di Rocco, A. During, P. J. Morelli, M. Heyden, and T. A. Biancaniello, “Atrial fibrillation in healthy adolescents after highly caffeinated beverage consumption: two case reports,” J Med Case Rep, vol. 5, 2011, doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-18.
M. J. Scott, M. El-Hassan, and A. A. Khan, “Myocardial infarction in a young adult following the consumption of a caffeinated energy drink,” BMJ Case Rep, vol. 2011, 2011, doi: 10.1136/BCR.02.2011.3854.
R. E. Wilson, H. S. Kado, R. Samson, and A. B. Miller, “A case of caffeine-induced coronary artery vasospasm of a 17-year-old male,” Cardiovasc Toxicol, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 175–179, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1007/S12012-011-9152-9.
M. J. Pommerening, J. C. Cardenas, Z. A. Radwan, C. E. Wade, J. B. Holcomb, and B. A. Cotton, “Hypercoagulability after energy drink consumption,” J Surg Res, vol. 199, no. 2, pp. 635–640, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.JSS.2015.06.027.
W. González et al., “Celiac trunk and branches dissection due to energy drink consumption and heavy resistance exercise: case report and review of literature.,” Bol Asoc Med P R, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 38–40, Jan. 2015, Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://europepmc.org/article/med/26035983
N. Bedi, P. Dewan, and P. Gupta, “Energy drinks: potions of illusion,” Indian Pediatr, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 529–533, 2014, doi: 10.1007/S13312-014-0441-9.
S. J. Lee, R. Hudson, K. Kilpatrick, T. E. Graham, and R. Ross, “Caffeine ingestion is associated with reductions in glucose uptake independent of obesity and type 2 diabetes before and after exercise training,” Diabetes Care, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 566–572, Mar. 2005, doi: 10.2337/DIACARE.28.3.566.
F. R. Ragsdale et al., “Effect of Red Bull energy drink on cardiovascular and renal function,” Amino Acids, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1193–1200, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1007/S00726-009-0330-Z.
M. S. Beaudoin, B. Allen, G. Mazzetti, P. J. Sullivan, and T. E. Graham, “Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women,” Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 140–147, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1139/APNM-2012-0201.
S. Greenblum, P. J. Turnbaugh, and E. Borenstein, “Metagenomic systems biology of the human gut microbiome reveals topological shifts associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 594–599, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1073/PNAS.1116053109/-/DCSUPPLEMENTAL/SAPP.PDF.
M. Nyamuganira et al., “PROBLEMATIC OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY DRINKS BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LUBUMBASHI,” 2019, Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: www.globalscientificjournal.com
M. Rath, “Energy drinks: what is all the hype? The dangers of energy drink consumption,” J Am Acad Nurse Pract, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 70–76, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1111/J.1745-7599.2011.00689.X.
A. Hasselkvist, A. Johansson, and A. K. Johansson, “Dental erosion and soft drink consumption in Swedish children and adolescents and the development of a simplified erosion partial recording system,” Swed Dent J, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 187–195, 2010, Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21306084/
T. A. Marshall et al., “Dental caries and beverage consumption in young children,” Pediatrics, vol. 112, no. 3 Pt 1, 2003, doi: 10.1542/PEDS.112.3.E184.
H. Li, Y. Zou, and G. Ding, “Dietary factors associated with dental erosion: a meta-analysis,” PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 8, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0042626.
A. Riesenhuber, M. Boehm, M. Posch, and C. Aufricht, “Diuretic potential of energy drinks,” Amino Acids, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 81–83, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1007/S00726-006-0363-5.
R. Mora-Rodriguez and J. G. Pallarés, “Performance outcomes and unwanted side effects associated with energy drinks,” Nutr Rev, vol. 72 Suppl 1, no. S1, pp. 108–120, Oct. 2014, doi: 10.1111/NURE.12132.
E. Greene, K. Oman, and M. Lefler, “Energy drink-induced acute kidney injury,” Ann Pharmacother, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1366–1370, 2014, doi: 10.1177/1060028014541997.
B. J. Wolk, M. Ganetsky, and K. M. Babu, “Toxicity of energy drinks,” Curr Opin Pediatr, vol. 24, no. 2, Apr. 2012, doi: 10.1097/MOP.0B013E3283506827.
A. A. Alsunni, “Energy Drink Consumption: Beneficial and Adverse Health Effects,” Int J Health Sci (Qassim), vol. 9, no. 4, p. 468, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.12816/0031237.
L. W. Oglesby, K. A. Amrani, C. J. Wynveen, and A. R. Gallucci, “Do Energy Drink Consumers Study More?,” J Community Health, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 48–54, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1007/S10900-017-0386-8.
S. Y. Kim, S. Sim, and H. G. Choi, “High stress, lack of sleep, low school performance, and suicide attempts are associated with high energy drink intake in adolescents,” PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 11, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0187759.
G. Richards and A. P. Smith, “A Review of Energy Drinks and Mental Health, with a Focus on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression,” J Caffeine Res, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 49, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1089/JCR.2015.0033.
K. A. Clauson, K. M. Shields, C. E. McQueen, and N. Persad, “Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks,” J Am Pharm Assoc (2003), vol. 48, no. 3, 2008, doi: 10.1331/JAPHA.2008.07055.
V. L. Fulgoni, D. R. Keast, and H. R. Lieberman, “Trends in intake and sources of caffeine in the diets of US adults: 2001-2010,” Am J Clin Nutr, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1081–1087, May 2015, doi: 10.3945/AJCN.113.080077.
K. A. Sepkowitz, “Energy drinks and caffeine-related adverse effects,” JAMA, vol. 309, no. 3, pp. 243–244, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2012.173526.
A. B. Ludden, E. M. O’Brien, and K. E. Pasch, “Beliefs, Behaviors, and Contexts of Adolescent Caffeine Use: A Focus Group Study,” Subst Use Misuse, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1207–1218, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1302957.
D. Bashir et al., “Clinical Symptoms and Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drink Consumption in Adolescents,” Pediatr Emerg Care, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 751–755, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000703.
J. Francis et al., “Informing Intervention Strategies to Reduce Energy Drink Consumption in Young People: Findings From Qualitative Research,” J Nutr Educ Behav, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 724-733.e1, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.06.007.
E. E. Bonar, R. M. Cunningham, S. Polshkova, S. T. Chermack, F. C. Blow, and M. A. Walton, “Alcohol and energy drink use among adolescents seeking emergency department care,” Addictive behaviors, vol. 43, pp. 11–17, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.11.023.
M. C. O’Brien, T. P. McCoy, S. D. Rhodes, A. Wagoner, and M. Wolfson, “Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-risk Drinking, and Alcohol-related Consequences among College Students,” Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 453–460, May 2008, doi: 10.1111/J.1553-2712.2008.00085.X.
“Panera faces lawsuit over ‘Charged Lemonade’ energy drink after 21-year-old’s death | CNN Business.” Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/23/business/panera-lawsuit-charged-lemonade-death/index.html
S. Avci, R. Sarikaya, and F. Büyükcam, “Death of a young man after overuse of energy drink,” Am J Emerg Med, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1624.e3-1624.e4, 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.AJEM.2013.06.031.
“Energy Drinks Banned In These 7 Countries [Learn Why!] - Dejittr.” Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://dejittr.com/7-countries-that-banned-energy-drinks-you-may-not-know/
“Poland bans sale of energy drinks to under-18s | Notes From Poland.” Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/08/24/poland-bans-sale-of-energy-drinks-to-under-18s/
“FDA Warns Drink Makers Mixing Caffeine, Alcohol - WSJ.” Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704648604575620673854960904
“Energy Drinks Regulations Could Stunt Innovation in Mexico.” Accessed: Jul. 02, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://pvangels.com/news-mexico/3672/mexican-energy-drinks-regulations-could-stunt-innovation
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Konrad Białogłowski, Kamila Giżewska, Karol Bochyński, Michał Dacka, Paulina Dąbrowska, Michał Żuber, Katarzyna Molenda, Barbara Borodziuk, Filip Borodziuk, Katarzyna Ciuba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 265
Number of citations: 0
