Is there a link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and physical activity?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.16.52674Keywords
gastroesopageal reflux disease, Physical Activity, GERD, lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapyAbstract
Aim of study
The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of physical activity on the course of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to provide an overview of the disease based on current literature.
Materials and Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Medline/PubMed database to identify relevant studies. Additionally, reference lists of included articles were manually searched to identify further relevant studies. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers using a standardized form.
Results
GERD is a chronic condition characterized by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, affecting an estimated 20% of the global population. Pathophysiological mechanisms include transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, hiatal hernia, and delayed gastric emptying. Physical activity has a dual impact on GERD; while moderate exercise can aid in symptom management by promoting weight loss and improving gastric emptying, high-intensity activities may exacerbate symptoms due to increased intra-abdominal pressure.
Conclusions
GERD is a prevalent chronic condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and in severe cases, surgical intervention. Moderate physical activity can be beneficial for symptom management, but high-intensity exercise may worsen symptoms. Health professionals should emphasize patient education and tailored treatment strategies to improve outcomes for GERD patients.
References
Shaqran TM, Ismaeel MM, Alnuaman AA, Al Ahmad FA, Albalawi GA, Almubarak JN, et al. Epidemiology, Causes, and Management of Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Cureus [Internet]. 2023 Oct 21; Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/191968-epidemiology-causes-and-management-of-gastro-esophageal-reflux-disease-a-systematic-review
Fass R. Erosive Esophagitis and Nonerosive Reflux Disease (NERD). J Clin Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2007 Feb;41(2):131–7. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00004836-200702000-00004
Tran CL, Han M, Kim B, Park EY, Kim Y Il, Oh J. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and risk of cancer: Findings from the Korean National Health Screening Cohort. Cancer Med [Internet]. 2023 Sep 7;12(18):19163–73. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cam4.6500
Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2013 Mar;108(3):308–28. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00000434-201303000-00006
El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut [Internet]. 2014 Jun;63(6):871–80. Available from: https://gut.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269
Vakil N, van Zanten S V., Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Global Evidence-Based Consensus. Am J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2006 Aug;101(8):1900–20. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x
Nirwan JS, Hasan SS, Babar Z-U-D, Conway BR, Ghori MU. Global Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD): Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020 Apr 2;10(1):5814. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62795-1
Kulig M, Nocon M, Vieth M, Leodolter A, Jaspersen D, Labenz J, et al. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: methodology and first epidemiological results of the ProGERD study. J Clin Epidemiol [Internet]. 2004 Jun;57(6):580–9. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895435603004256
Eslick GD, Talley NJ. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). J Clin Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2009 Feb;43(2):111–7. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00004836-200902000-00003
Djärv T. Physical activity, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the general population. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2012;18(28):3710. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i28/3710.htm
Jarosz M, Taraszewska A. Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease – the role of diet. Gastroenterol Rev [Internet]. 2014;5:297–301. Available from: http://www.termedia.pl/doi/10.5114/pg.2014.46166
Argyrou A, Legaki E, Koutserimpas C, Gazouli M, Papaconstantinou I, Gkiokas G, et al. Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease and analysis of genetic contributors. World J Clin Cases [Internet]. 2018 Aug 16;6(8):176–82. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v6/i8/176.htm
Yadlapati R, Gyawali CP, Pandolfino JE, Chang K, Kahrilas PJ, Katz PO, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Personalized Approach to the Evaluation and Management of GERD: Expert Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2022 May;20(5):984-994.e1. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1542356522000799
Jehangir A, Parkman HP. Reflux Symptoms in Gastroparesis. J Clin Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2020 May;54(5):428–38. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001190
Li Q, Duan H, Wang Q, Dong P, Zhou X, Sun K, et al. Analyzing the correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and anxiety and depression based on ordered logistic regression. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6594. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-57101-2
Aziz Q, Fass R, Gyawali CP, Miwa H, Pandolfino JE, Zerbib F. Esophageal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1368–79.
Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, Blum AL, Armstrong D, Galmiche JP, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: Clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut. 1999;45(2):172–80.
Badillo R. Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2014;5(3):105. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v5/i3.105.htm
Davis TA, Gyawali CP. Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Diagnosis and Management. J Neurogastroenterol Motil [Internet]. 2024 Jan 30;30(1):17–28. Available from: http://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm23145
Mainie I. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring. Gut [Internet]. 2006 Oct 1;55(10):1398–402. Available from: https://gut.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/gut.2005.087668
Hall JF, Stein SL. Unexpected Intra-operative Findings. Surg Clin North Am [Internet]. 2013 Feb;93(1):45–59. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0039610912002010
Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG, Axon ATR, Moayyedi P. The natural history of gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms in the community and its effects on survival: a longitudinal 10‐year follow‐up study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2013 Feb;37(3):323–31. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12169
Oh TH. Atypical Manifestation of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Disease With a Thousand Faces. J Neurogastroenterol Motil [Internet]. 2014 Jan 31;20(1):1–3. Available from: http://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm.2014.20.1.1
Chen G, Xie J, Ye J, Kuang X, Liao W, Song L, et al. Depression Promotes Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: New Evidence Based on Mendelian Randomization. Turkish J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2023 Feb 15; Available from: https://turkjgastroenterol.org/en/depression-promotes-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease-new-evidence-based-on-mendelian-randomization-137019
Jozkow P, Wasko-Czopnik D, Medras M, Paradowski L. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Physical Activity. Sport Med [Internet]. 2006;36(5):385–91. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.2165/00007256-200636050-00002
Festi D, Scaioli E, Baldi F, Vestito A, Pasqui F, Biase AR Di, et al. Body weight, lifestyle, dietary habits and gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2009;15(14):1690. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v15/i14/1690.htm
Lam S, Hart AR. Does physical activity protect against the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma? A review of the literature with a meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus [Internet]. 2017 Nov 1;30(11):1–10. Available from: http://academic.oup.com/dote/article/30/11/1/4096690/Does-physical-activity-protect-against-the
Taraszewska A. Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet. Rocz Państwowego Zakładu Hig [Internet]. 2021; Available from: http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/pobierz-artykul?id=1367
Dagli U, Kalkan IH. The role of lifestyle changes in gastroesophageal reflux diseases treatment. Turkish J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 5;28(Supp1):S33–7. Available from: https://turkjgastroenterol.org/en/the-role-of-lifestyle-changes-in-gastroesophageal-reflux-diseases-treatment-135188
Pace F, Porro GB. On-demand PPI therapy in GERD. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2008 Feb;11(1):35–42. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11938-008-0005-y
Gyawali CP, Fass R. Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2018 Jan;154(2):302–18. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016508517359899
Slater BJ, Dirks RC, McKinley SK, Ansari MT, Kohn GP, Thosani N, et al. SAGES guidelines for the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2021 Sep 19;35(9):4903–17. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00464-021-08625-5
Leiman DA, Riff BP, Morgan S, Metz DC, Falk GW, French B, et al. Alginate therapy is effective treatment for GERD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus [Internet]. 2017 May 1;30(5):1–9. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/dote/article/30/5/1/3092443
McKinley SK, Dirks RC, Walsh D, Hollands C, Arthur LE, Rodriguez N, et al. Surgical treatment of GERD: systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2021 Aug 2;35(8):4095–123. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00464-021-08358-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Justyna Puchała, Karolina Basiura, Dominika Starzomska, Natalia Gajdzińska, Katarzyna Rymaszewska, Weronika Rostkowska, Adam Salwa, Wojciech Rutkowski, Maciej Rzepka, Karolina Sztuba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 11
Number of citations: 0