How do smartphones affect physical and mental health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.15.51864Keywords
smartphone addiction, physical activity, mental healthAbstract
Introduction and the aim of the study: Fast technology makes the use of mobile phones global. On one hand, it offers a wide range of opportunities, such as improved interpersonal communication, quick access to information and entertainment, on the other- it may have a negative impact on physical activity or mental well-being.
The aim of this study is to summarize the current state of knowledge about the relationship between problems related to smartphone use and health.
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using the medical databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were retrieved in English, employing the key words: “smartphone addiction”, “mental health” in appropriate configurations. The analysis encompassed data from 39 scientific references published between 2014 and 2024.
Conclusions: Problematic smartphone use is a rapidly developing phenomenon, whereas mental health deviance may pose as a risk factor as much as an effect of smartphone overuse. Research results are needed to better describe this disorder and its medical consequences.
References
Nesi J. The Impact of Social Media on Youth Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities. N C Med 2020;81(2):116-121. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.81.2.116
Mann RB, Blumberg F. Adolescents and social media: The effects of frequency of use, self-presentation, social comparison, and self esteem on possible self imagery. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2022;228:103629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103629
Eurostat: 96% of young people in the EU uses the internet daily. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20230714-1 (Access: 18.03.2024).
ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision.The global standard for diagnostic health information. https://icd.who.int/en (Access: 20.03.2024).
Zou Z, Wang H, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Wang X, et al. Definition of Substance and Non-substance Addiction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1010:21-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_2
Ratan ZA, Parrish AM, Zaman SB, et al. Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 22;18(22):12257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212257
Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, et al. Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J Affect Disord. 2017;207:251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
Tyagi A, Prasad AK, Bhatia D. Effects of excessive use of mobile phone technology in India on human health during COVID-19 lockdown. Technol Soc. 2021;67:101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101762
Jovičić Burić D, Muslić L, Krašić S, et al. Croatian validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. Addict Behav. 2021;119:106921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106921
Augner C, Vlasak T, Aichhorn W, et al. The association between problematic smartphone use and symptoms of anxiety and depression-a meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf). 2023;45(1):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab350
World Health Organization. (2015). Public health implications of excessive use of the internet, computers, smartphones and similar electronic devices: meeting report, Main Meeting Hall, Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research, National Cancer Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan, 27-29 August 2014. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/184264 (Access: 20.03.2024).
Panova T, Carbonell X. Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? J Behav Addict. 2018;7(2):252-259. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.49
Demkow M, Jakubczyk A. Problematic mobile phone use. Review of literature. Alcoholism and Drug Addiction/Alkoholizm i Narkomania. 2019;32(3):211-236. https://doi.org/10.5114/ain.2019.91003
Kim, J., & Lee, K. (2022). The Association between Physical Activity and Smartphone Addiction in Korean Adolescents: The 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, 2020. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 10(4), 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040702
Kumar S, Rajasegaran R, Prabhakaran S, et al. Extent of Smartphone Addiction and its Association with Physical Activity Level, Anthropometric Indices, and Quality of Sleep in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2024; 49(1), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_706_22
Lin B, Teo E. W, & Yan, T. The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Chinese University Students' Physical Activity: Exploring the Role of Motivation and Self-Efficacy. Psychology research and behavior management. 2022; 15, 2273–2290. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S375395
Sahin Koybulan S, Altin D, Yararbas G, et al. Smartphone Addiction and Related Factors among Athletes. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). 2024; 14(4), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040341
Kim S. E, Kim J. W, & Jee, Y. S. Relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity in Chinese international students in Korea. Journal of behavioral addictions. 2015; 4(3), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.028
Anafi RC, Kayser MS, Raizen DM. Exploring phylogeny to find the function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019;20(2):109-116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0098-9
Salamon M. How Blue Light Affects Your Sleep. https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-blue-light (Access: 24.03.2024).
Sohn SY, Krasnoff L, Rees P, et al. The Association Between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep: A UK Cross-Sectional Study of Young Adults. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:629407. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.629407
Chu Y, Oh Y, Gwon M, et al. Dose-response analysis of smartphone usage and self-reported sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(3):621-630. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.10392
Correa-Iriarte S, Hidalgo-Fuentes S, Martí-Vilar M. Relationship between Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality and Bedtime Procrastination: A Mediation Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023;13(10):839. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100839
Leow MQH, Chiang J, Chua TJX, et al. The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(9):e0290724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290724
Wacks Y, Weinstein AM. Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:669042. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042
Wang Y, Zeng Y. Relationship between loneliness and internet addiction: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):858. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18366-4
Extremera N, Quintana-Orts C, Sánchez-Álvarez N, et al. The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Problematic Smartphone Use: Comparison between Problematic and Non-Problematic Adolescent Users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173142
Yin, X.-Q., de Vries D. A., Gentile D. A., et al. Cultural Background and Measurement of Usage Moderate the Association Between Social Networking Sites (SNSs) Usage and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis. Social Science Computer Review, 2019;37(5), 631-648. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318784908
Shahidin SH, Midin M, Sidi H, et al. The Relationship between Emotion Regulation (ER) and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):15848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315848
Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85-92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
Distress tolerance and mindfulness mediate relations between depression and anxiety sensitivity with problematic smartphone use. Comput Human Behav. 2018;84:477– 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.026.
Geng Y, Gu J, Wang J, et al. Smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety: The role of bedtime procrastination and self-control. J Affect Disord. 2021;293:415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.062
Kim H, Cho MK, Ko H, et al. Association between Smartphone Usage and Mental Health in South Korean Adolescents: The 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Korean J Fam Med. 2020;41(2):98-104. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0108
Lambert J, Barnstable G, Minter E, et al. Taking a One-Week Break from Social Media Improves Well-Being, Depression, and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2022;25(5):287-293. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0324
Wacks Y, Weinstein AM. Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:669042. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042
Grant JE, Lust K, Chamberlain SR. Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. J Behav Addict. 2019;8(2):335-342. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.32
Dey M, Studer J, Schaub MP, et al. Problematic smartphone use in young Swiss men: Its association with problematic substance use and risk factors derived from the pathway model. J Behav Addict. 2019;8(2):326-334. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.17
Fischer-Grote L, Kothgassner OD, Felnhofer A. Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature. Neuropsychiatr. 2019;33(4):179-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-019-00319-8
Seo BK, Hwang Y, Cho H. Mental Health and Personality Characteristics of University Students at Risk of Smartphone Overdependence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(3):2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032331
Yun J, Han G, Son H. Protective and risk factors of problematic smartphone use in preteens using panel study on Korean children. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:981357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.981357
Marciano L, Ostroumova M, Schulz PJ, et al. Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health. 2022;9:793868. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868
Naslund JA, Bondre A, Torous J, et al. Social Media and Mental Health: Benefits, Risks, and Opportunities for Research and Practice. J Technol Behav Sci. 2020;5(3):245-257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00134-x
Huberty J, Puzia ME, Green J, et al. A mindfulness meditation mobile app improves depression and anxiety in adults with sleep disturbance: Analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2021;73:30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.004
Coelhoso CC, Tobo PR, Lacerda SS, et al. A New Mental Health Mobile App for Well-Being and Stress Reduction in Working Women: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(11):e14269. https://doi.org/10.2196/14269
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Angelika Foryś, Weronika Stawska, Magdalena Miłek, Mariola Banach, Ksenia Kwaśniak, Monika Ślusarczyk, Agata Magierska, Anna Niemczyk, Zuzanna Kotowicz, Weronika Kmiotek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 181
Number of citations: 0
