The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.22.51724Keywords
type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementationAbstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by inadequate cellular response to insulin and insufficient insulin production by pancreatic β-cells. Epidemiological studies indicate that low serum vitamin D levels are prevalent among the general population globally, exacerbating outcomes of many diseases. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may impact type 2 diabetes mellitus prognosis. Understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors and disease progression variables is crucial for proper patient management and public health policies.
Purpose of the work: This study aims to review the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis of research papers available on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus was undertaken using the search terms encompassing the following keywords: vitamin D insufficiency / vitamin D supplementation / vitamin D2 / vitamin D3 / ergocalciferol / cholecalciferol and type 2 diabetes mellitus / complications of diabetes / hyperglycemia / insulin resistance / glucose metabolism.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency can impact the prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, exacerbating complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia such as obesity, mental health issues, vascular complications, and diabetic neuropathy. Given its prevalence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, early screening and supplementation of vitamin D could offer potential benefits.
References
Farmaki P, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Savvanis S, Diamantis E. Complications of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020 Nov;16(4):249–51.
Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, et al. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 30;21(17):6275.
Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 - The Lancet [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 14]. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01301-6/fulltext
Russo MP, Grande-Ratti MF, Burgos MA, Molaro AA, Bonella MB. Prevalencia de diabetes, características epidemiológicas y complicaciones vasculares. Arch Cardiol México. 2023;93(1):30–6.
Mikłosz A, Chabowski A. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy as a new Treatment Option for Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Mar 14;108(8):1889–97.
AbuHammad GAR, Naser AY, Hassouneh LKM. Diabetes mellitus-related hospital admissions and prescriptions of antidiabetic agents in England and Wales: an ecological study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023 May 6;23:102.
Bădescu S, Tătaru C, Kobylinska L, Georgescu E, Zahiu D, Zăgrean A, et al. The association between Diabetes mellitus and Depression. J Med Life. 2016;9(2):120–5.
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care. 2018 May;41(5):917–28.
Pál É, Ungvári Z, Benyó Z, Várbíró S. Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 9;15(2):334.
Pludowski P, Grant WB, Bhattoa HP, Bayer M, Povoroznyuk V, Rudenka E, et al. Vitamin D Status in Central Europe. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:589587.
Delrue C, Speeckaert MM. Vitamin D and Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 28;24(5):4642.
Altieri B, Grant WB, Della Casa S, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, et al. Vitamin D and pancreas: The role of sunshine vitamin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Nov 2;57(16):3472–88.
Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Biomolecules. 2023 Apr 21;13(4):709.
Argano C, Mirarchi L, Amodeo S, Orlando V, Torres A, Corrao S. The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan;24(20):15485.
Hands JM, Corr PG, Frame LA. Clarifying the Heterogeneity in Response to Vitamin D in the Development, Prevention, and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan;20(12):6187.
Aparna P, Muthathal S, Nongkynrih B, Gupta SK. Vitamin D deficiency in India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2018 Apr;7(2):324.
Carlberg C, Raczyk M, Zawrotna N. Vitamin D: A master example of nutrigenomics. Redox Biol. 2023 Jun 1;62:102695.
Md Isa Z, Amsah N, Ahmad N. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2023 Jan;15(10):2310.
Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone’s Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients. 2023 Jan;15(8):1997.
Carlberg C. Vitamin D and Its Target Genes. Nutrients. 2022 Mar 24;14(7):1354.
Wang Y, Zhu J, DeLuca HF. Where is the vitamin D receptor? Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012 Jul 1;523(1):123–33.
Bikle DD. Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016 Jul; 1376(1): 29–52.
Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Costanzo MG, Caccamo D, Ientile R. Vitamin D status influences transcriptional levels of RANKL and inflammatory biomarkers which are associated with activation of PBMC. Clin Chim Acta. 2020 Aug 1;507:219–23.
Kjalarsdottir L, Tersey SA, Vishwanath M, Chuang JC, Posner BA, Mirmira RG, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human islets: a role for transcriptional regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels by the vitamin D receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Jan 1;185:17–26.
Szymczak-Pajor I, Miazek K, Selmi A, Balcerczyk A, Śliwińska A. The Action of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue: Is There the Link between Vitamin D Deficiency and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolic Disorders? Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan;23(2):956.
Xu Z, Gong R, Luo G, Wang M, Li D, Chen Y, et al. Association between vitamin D3 levels and insulin resistance: a large sample cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 7;12(1):119.
Wang M, Zhou T, Li X, Ma H, Liang Z, Fonseca VA, et al. Baseline Vitamin D Status, Sleep Patterns, and the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Data From the UK Biobank Study. Diabetes Care. 2020 Nov;43(11):2776–84.
Ekmekcioglu C, Haluza D, Kundi M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Risk for Colorectal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Feb;14(2):127.
Mostafa NR, Ali AAM, Marzo RR. The effect of vitamin D deficiency on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Healthc Low-Resour Settings [Internet]. 2023 Jun 8 [cited 2024 May 15];11(s2). Available from: https://www.pagepressjournals.org/hls/article/view/11340
Hu Z, Chen J, Sun X, Wang L, Wang A. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Apr 5;98(14):e14970.
Bakhuraysah MM, Gharib AF, Hassan AF, Al Harthi GK, Al Thobaiti RF, Al Adwani MM, et al. Novel Insight Into the Relationship of Vitamin D Hydroxylase and Vitamin D With Obesity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus. 15(12):e49950.
Vijay GS, Ghonge S, Vajjala SM, Palal D. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 15(5):e38952.
Akter R, Afrose A, Sharmin S, Rezwan R, Rahman MdR, Neelotpol S. A comprehensive look into the association of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with obesity in children. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Sep 1;153:113285.
Zakharova I, Klimov L, Kuryaninova V, Nikitina I, Malyavskaya S, Dolbnya S, et al. Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents. Front Endocrinol. 2019 Mar 1;10:103.
Bernardo DRD, Canale D, Nascimento MM, Shimizu MHM, Seguro AC, de Bragança AC, et al. The association between obesity and vitamin D deficiency modifies the progression of kidney disease after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 17;9:952028.
Ciobanu AM, Petrescu C, Anghele C, Manea MC, Ciobanu CA, Petrescu DM, et al. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency—A Possible Cause of Resistance to Treatment in Psychiatric Pathology. Medicina (Mex) [Internet]. 2023 Dec [cited 2024 May 15];59(12). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10744484/
Leser B, Dalkner N, Tmava-Berisha A, Fellendorf FT, Unterrainer HF, Stross T, et al. The Influence of Vitamin D Status on Cognitive Ability in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 22;15(19):4111.
Almuqbil M, Almadani ME, Albraiki SA, Alamri AM, Alshehri A, Alghamdi A, et al. Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Mental Health in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2023 Jul 23;11(14):2097.
da Silva Sabião T, Alves de Menezes-Júnior LA, Batista AP, Silva de Moura S, Meireles AL, Carvalho de Menezes M, et al. Interaction between Fokl polymorphism and vitamin D deficiency in the symptoms of mental disorders in adults: a population-based study. Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 22;14:6925.
Tamang MK, Ali A, Pertile RN, Cui X, Alexander S, Nitert MD, et al. Developmental vitamin D-deficiency produces autism-relevant behaviours and gut-health associated alterations in a rat model. Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 14;13:204.
Roy NM, Al-Harthi L, Sampat N, Al-Mujaini R, Mahadevan S, Al Adawi S, et al. Impact of vitamin D on neurocognitive function in dementia, depression, schizophrenia and ADHD. Front Biosci Landmark Ed. 2021 Jan 1;26(3):566–611.
Gæde Peter, Vedel Pernille, Larsen Nicolai, Jensen Gunnar V.H., Parving Hans-Henrik, Pedersen Oluf. Multifactorial Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(5):383–93.
Beckman JA, Creager MA. Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Circ Res. 2016 May 27;118(11):1771–85.
Xiao Y, Wei L, Xiong X, Yang M, Sun L. Association Between Vitamin D Status and Diabetic Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan China. Front Endocrinol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 May 15];11. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7525149/
Gupta S, Goyal P, Feinn RS, Mattana J. Role of Vitamin D and Its Analogues in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci. 2019 Mar 1;357(3):223–9.
Ahbap E, Hasbal NB, Sevinc M, Basturk T, Sakaci T, Unsal A. Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A 5-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study. Med Bull Sisli Etfal Hosp. 2022 Sep 22;56(3):414–20.
Ferreira E de S, Moreira TR, da Silva RG, da Costa GD, da Silva LS, Cavalier SB de O, et al. Survival and analysis of predictors of mortality in patients undergoing replacement renal therapy: a 20-year cohort. BMC Nephrol. 2020 Nov 23;21(1):502.
Naylor KL, Kim SJ, McArthur E, Garg AX, McCallum MK, Knoll GA. Mortality in Incident Maintenance Dialysis Patients Versus Incident Solid Organ Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Cohort. Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found. 2019 Jun;73(6):765–76.
Buargub MA. 5-year Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Single Center Study in Tripoli. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant. 2008 Apr;19(2):268.
Jung CH, Kim KJ, Kim BY, Kim CH, Kang SK, Mok JO. Relationship between vitamin D status and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res. 2016 Feb 1;36(2):117–24.
Luo BA, Gao F, Qin LL. The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2017 Mar;9(3):307.
Zhao WJ, Xia XY, Yin J. Relationship of serum vitamin D levels with diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021 Apr 5;134(7):814.
Galiero R, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Beccia D, Brin C, Alfano M, et al. Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Options. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 10;24(4):3554.
Selvarajah D, Kar D, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Scott AR, Walker J, et al. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: advances in diagnosis and strategies for screening and early intervention. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Dec;7(12):938–48.
Fakkel TM, Çakici N, Coert JH, Verhagen AP, Bramer WM, van Neck JW. Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: a Meta-analysis. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020 Oct 1;2(10):1853–64.
Liu X, Xu Y, An M, Zeng Q. The risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2019 Feb 20;14(2):e0212574.
Sun X, Yang X, Zhu X, Ma Y, Li X, Zhang Y, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency and subclinical diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. Front Endocrinol. 2024 Mar 25;15:1354511.
Fei S, Fan J, Cao J, Chen H, Wang X, Pan Q. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by predominantly increasing large-fiber lesions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Mar 1;209:111585.
Oraby MI, Srie MA, Abdelshafy S, Elfar E. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the potential role of vitamin D deficiency. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2019 Jan 25;55(1):10.
Assy MH, Draz NA, Fathy SE, Hamed MG. Impact of vitamin D level in diabetic people with peripheral neuropathy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021 Aug 31;57(1):117.
Xiaohua G, Dongdong L, Xiaoting N, Shuoping C, Feixia S, Huajun Y, et al. Severe Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Increased Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Mar 10 [cited 2024 May 15];8. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.612068
Albai O, Braha A, Timar B, Golu I, Timar R. Vitamin D—A New Therapeutic Target in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Clin Med. 2024 Jan;13(5):1390.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Krzysztof Dobrzeniecki, Natalia Hopej, Katarzyna Muc, Kacper Turek, Katarzyna Błaszczyszyn, Monika Bolek, Nicol Dardzińska, Aleksandra Grzegorczyk, Magdalena Pachla
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 729
Number of citations: 0
