Running the Risk - Examining Dermatologic Concerns and Skin Neoplasms in Runners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.18.001Keywords
athletes, dermatoses, melanoma, running, skin neoplasms, ultraviolet radiationAbstract
This review summarizes the most prevalent dermatologic conditions encountered by runners and provides evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management. Due to high levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure, friction forces, specific environment of the activity and used garment runners are at the risk of various dermatologic complications, including skin neoplasms. Sun protection measures, such as applying sunscreen with sufficient SPF, wearing photoprotective clothing, and avoiding peak sun hours, are crucial for mitigating this risk. Friction-related injuries like blisters, calluses, and jogger's nipples are common among runners and can be prevented through proper footwear, moisture management, and lubrication. Educational interventions promoting safety practices are necessary to raise awareness and encourage behavioural change among runners.
References
Helm MF, Helm TN, Bergfeld WF. Skin problems in the long-distance runner 2500 years after the Battle of Marathon. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(3):263-270. doi:10.1111/J.1365-4632.2011.05183.X
Roberts WO. A 12-yr profile of medical injury and illness for the Twin Cities Marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Published online September 2000:1549-1555. doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00004
Bunyaratavej S, Ongsri P, Chayakulkeeree M. Sports-related dermatoses and abnormalities of nail and foot among road runners, treadmill runners, and trail runners in Thailand. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(3):AB113. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.06.486
De Luca JF, Adams BB, Yosipovitch G. Skin manifestations of athletes competing in the summer olympics: What a sports medicine physician should know. Sports Medicine. 2012;42(5):399-413. doi:10.2165/11599050-000000000-00000
Ambros-Rudolph CM, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Richtig E, Müller-Fürstner M, Soyer HP, Kerl H. Malignant melanoma in marathon runners. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(11):1471-1474. doi:10.1001/ARCHDERM.142.11.1471
https://www.iarc.who.int/cancer-type/skin-cancer/.
Duarte AF, Nagore E, Silva JNM, Picoto A, Pereira AC, Correia OJC. Sun protection behaviour and skin cancer literacy among outdoor runners. European Journal of Dermatology. 2018;28(6):803-808. doi:10.1684/EJD.2018.3450/
Purim KSM, Leite N. Sports-related dermatoses among road runners in Southern Brazil. An Bras Dermatol. 2014;89(4):587-592. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142792
Serrano M, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011;27(6):311-317. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00620.x
Moehrle M, Koehle W, Dietz K, Lischka G. Reduction of minimal erythema dose by sweating. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000;16(6):260-262. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.160605.x
Youn CS, Kwon OS, Hwang EJ, et al. The effects of heating and cooling on ultraviolet radiation‐induced erythema and pigmentation in human skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2005;21(4):198-203. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2005.00161.x
Suzuki K, Yamada M, Kurakake S, et al. Circulating cytokines and hormones with immunosuppressive but neutrophil-priming potentials rise after endurance exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;81(4):281-287. doi:10.1007/s004210050044
Miller IJ, Stapelberg M, Rosic N, et al. Implementation of artificial intelligence for the detection of cutaneous melanoma within a primary care setting: prevalence and types of skin cancer in outdoor enthusiasts. PeerJ. 2023;11:1-26. doi:10.7717/PEERJ.15737/SUPP-5
Richtig E, Ambros-Rudolph CM, Trapp M, et al. Melanoma Markers in Marathon Runners: Increase with Sun Exposure and Physical Strain. Dermatology. 2008;217(1):38-44. doi:10.1159/000121473
Garbe C, Krüger S, Orfanos CE, et al. Risk Factors for Developing Cutaneous Melanoma and Criteria for Identifying Persons at Risk: Multicenter Case-Control Study of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1994;102(5):695-699. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12374280
El Ghissassi F, Baan R, Straif K, et al. A review of human carcinogens—Part D: radiation. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(8):751-752. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70213-X
Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC, Gurrea G. Personal UV exposure for different outdoor sports. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 2014;13(4):671-679. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/c3pp50348h
Bakos RM, Wagner MB, Bakos L, De Rose EH, Grangeiro Neto JA. Queimaduras e hábitos solares em um grupo de atletas brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2006;12(5):275-278. doi:10.1590/S1517-86922006000500010
Christoph S, Cazzaniga S, Hunger RE, Naldi L, Borradori L, Oberholzer PA. Ultraviolet radiation protection and skin cancer awareness in recreational athletes: a survey among participants in a running event. Swiss Med Wkly. 2016;146:1-12. doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14297
García-Malinis AJ, Gracia-Cazaña T, Zazo M, et al. Sun Protection Behaviors and Knowledge in Mountain Marathon Runners and Risk Factors for Sunburn. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2021;112(2):159-166. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.003
Buljan M, Kolić M, Šitum M, Šekerija M, Franceschi N. Do Athletes Practicing Outdoors Know and Care Enough About the Importance of Photoprotection? Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica. 2020;28(1):41-42. Accessed April 15, 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32650851/
Moehrle M. Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26(1):12-15. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.10.001
Price J, Ness A, Leary S, Kennedy C. Sun‐safety behaviors of skiers and snowboarders on the South Island of New Zealand. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2006;5(1):39-47. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2006.00221.x
Tenforde AS, Fredericson M, Toth KES, Sainani KL. Sun Protective Behaviors and Attitudes of Runners. Sports. 2022;10(1):1-8. doi:10.3390/SPORTS10010001/S1
Rivas-Ruiz F, Fernández-Morano T, Gilaberte Y, García-Montero P, Blázquez-Sánchez N, de Troya-Martín M. Sun Exposure and Long-Distance Runners on the Spanish Costa del Sol: Habits, Attitudes, and Knowledge. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition). 2021;112(6):541-545. doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2021.03.006
Mailler EA, Adams BB. The wear and tear of 26.2: dermatological injuries reported on marathon day. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(4):498-501. doi:10.1136/BJSM.2004.011874
Descamps V, Claessens YE, Doumenc B. Skin manifestations in ultramarathon runners: experience in the Marathon des Sables 2014. British Journal of Dermatology. 2017;177(2):562-563. doi:10.1111/BJD.15182
Adams BB. Dermatologic disorders of the athlete. Sports Medicine. 2002;32(5):309-321. doi:10.2165/00007256-200232050-00003
Basler RSW. Skin injuries in sports medicine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21(6):1257-1262. doi:DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70340-6
Bergfeld WF, Taylor JS. Trauma, sports, and the skin. Am J Ind Med. 1985;8(4-5):403-413. doi:10.1002/AJIM.4700080422
Eiland G, Ridley D. Dermatological Problems in the Athlete. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1996;23(6):388-402. doi:10.2519/jospt.1996.23.6.388
Kockentiet B, Adams BB. Contact dermatitis in athletes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(6):1048-1055. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2006.12.025
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Alicja Partyka, Natalia Wierzejska, Agnieszka Nowak, Agnieszka Fugas, Karolina Smykiewicz, Justyna Dobrzańska, Magdalena Pach, Zuzanna Chmielowiec, Mariola Dziedzic, Aneta Michalczewska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 293
Number of citations: 0
