Mechanizmy molekularne rozwoju demencji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.027Słowa kluczowe
demencja, choroba Alzheimera , mechanizmy neurodegeneracji, β-amyloid, białko TauAbstrakt
Problematyka występowania zespołów otępiennych (demencji), stanowiących jedną z głównych przyczyn śmiertelności ludzi na świecie, pozostaje kluczowym wyzwaniem dla współczesnej nauki. W niniejszej pracy analizujemy najnowsze dane na temat mechanizmów molekularnych odpowiedzialnych za rozwój demencji u człowieka. Istotną rolę w etiologii tych zmian odgrywają zaburzenia metabolizmu komórek nerwowych oraz cząstek sygnałowych, w szczególności: modyfikacje transportu glukozy i tlenu, obniżenie stężenia NAD+ i fosforanów czy nadaktywność reaktywnych form tlenu. Niemniej istotnym w prawidłowym funkcjonowaniu struktur układu nerwowego jest udział mikrobioty jelitowej. W pracy opisujemy także najnowsze mechanizmy odpowiedzialne za dysfunkcje białka Tau oraz mózgową agregację amyloidu β, będące główną przyczyną rozwoju choroby Alzheimera. Wskazujemy również na możliwości wykorzystania wybranych związków oraz technik diagnostycznych jako potencjalnych biomarkerów dla wykrywania wczesnych zmian w funkcjonowaniu układu nerwowego, a także aktualne formy prewencji wspomagające deficyty poznawcze. Dogłębne zrozumienie mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za powstawanie i rozwój demencji, umożliwi wypracowanie skutecznych metod diagnozowania i leczenia zmian neurodegeneracyjnych.
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