Nanomateriały kontra natura: jak rośliny i zwierzęta ewoluują, by radzić sobie z nowoczesnymi wyzwaniami
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2024.007Słowa kluczowe
nanomateriały, wrodzony układ odpornościowy, interakcje, stres oksydacyjny, toksycznośćAbstrakt
Interakcje między nanomateriałami (ENMs) a wrodzonym układem odpornościowym stanowią istotny element adaptacji organizmów do zmieniającego się środowiska. Mimo ewolucyjnych różnic, mechanizmy obronne roślin i zwierząt wykazują podobieństwa w rozpoznawaniu i eliminacji obcych cząstek. Do ich rozpoznania, rośliny wykorzystują receptory odporności wrodzonej na poziomie każdej komórki, podczas gdy zwierzęta angażują wyspecjalizowane komórki immunokompetentne, takie jak np. fagocyty. Nanocząstki oddziałują z tymi systemami, indukując reakcje stresowe, w tym produkcję reaktywnych form tlenu (ROS) oraz aktywację receptorów TLR. Wpływ nanomateriałów zależy od ich właściwości fizykochemicznych, a także od gatunku organizmu i warunków środowiskowych. Zrozumienie tych interakcji ma kluczowe znaczenie dla oceny potencjalnego ryzyka toksyczności oraz dla wykorzystania nanotechnologii w biomedycynie i inżynierii środowiskowej. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przegląd aktualnej wiedzy na temat tych interakcji oraz wskazanie kierunków dalszych badań.
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