Mikrobiota dróg moczowo-płciowych: przyczyny zmienności
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2024.005Słowa kluczowe
mikrobiota dróg moczowo-płciowych, Lactobacillus, estrogeny, stres, dietaAbstrakt
Mikrobiota dróg moczowo-płciowych jest kluczowa dla zachowania zdrowia reprodukcyjnego i seksualnego kobiet. Natomiast przyczyny jej zmienności nie są w pełni zrozumiane. Rodzaj Lactobacillus najliczniej występuje w bakteryjnej mikrobiomie pochwy człowieka. Jest on istotny dla zachowania prawidłowego mikrośrodowiska pochwy, a jego utrata może prowadzić do rożnych chorób ginekologicznych i infekcji. Bakteriocyny i nadtlenek wodoru, wytwarzane przez Lactobacillus, hamują rozwój drobnoustrojów i utrzymują niskie pH w pochwie. Uważa się, że na kształtowanie się mikrobioty dróg moczowo-płciowych w największym stopniu wpływać mogą estrogeny i czynniki związane ze stylem życia, w tym aktywność seksualna, stosowanie antybiotyków, stres psychiczny i stosowana dieta. Wydaje się, że znaczenie może mieć również aktywność fizyczna, ale badania jej wpływu są nieliczne. Sugeruje to konieczność dalszych badań tego zagadnienia. Co więcej, istnieje duże zróżnicowanie w składzie bakteryjnym pochwy pomiędzy kobietami z rożnych grup etnicznych. Fakt ten podkreśla, że właściwości organizmu nosiciela mogą odgrywać znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu składu gatunkowego tych zbiorowisk.
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