Plant cultures in vitro – from medicine production to biodiversity conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.016Keywords
biodiversity, callus, in vitro cultures, micropropagation, dune plants, somatic embryosAbstract
In vitro plant cultures are becoming an increasingly important tool in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. They not only enable the extraction of valuable substances without destroying plants in their natural environment and regardless of climatic conditions, but also the propagation of endangered species and their reintroduction. The article presents an overview of the applications of various types of in vitro cultures in medicine (production of drugs, therapeutic proteins), agriculture (biostimulants, micropropagation), the food industry (colorants, enzymes), and modern technologies (nanomaterials). Particular attention is paid to the use of in vitro cultures in the protection of endangered, wild and cultivated species. The article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach combining knowledge in the fields of biotechnology, chemistry, and environmental protection. Despite the difficulties in obtaining efficient and longlived cultures, especially of monocotyledonous plants, in vitro technologies today not only support industry, but also offer a real opportunity to preserve natural resources for future generations.
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