Nagrody Nobla jako drogowskazy dla współczesnej nauki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2026.004Słowa kluczowe
Nagroda Nobla, Helicobacter pylori, iPSCs, miRNA, nanoskopia, CRISPR-CasAbstrakt
Nagroda Nobla, ustanowiona w 1901 roku, od początku była nie tylko prestiżowym wyróżnieniem, lecz także czynnikiem wpływającym na kierunki rozwoju nauki. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza jej realnego znaczenia dla rozwoju medycyny, nauk biologicznych i chemii, zwłaszcza w kontekście kształtowania głównych nurtów badań, finansowania oraz wprowadzania odkryć do praktyki klinicznej. Na podstawie wybranych przykładów – od odkrycia Helicobacter pylori, przez iPSCs i mikroRNA (miRNA), po mikroskopię superrozdzielczą i system CRISPR-Cas – pokazano, że Nagroda Nobla może przyspieszać rozwój określonych koncepcji i technologii. Jednocześnie jej oddziaływanie wykracza poza symboliczne uznanie osiągnięć i ma długofalowe konsekwencje dla rozwoju nauki.
Bibliografia
Abbe, E., 1873. Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung. Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie 9, 413–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02956173
Abdelazim, O.T.F., Sharafeldin, A.K., Kawari, M., Hasan, Z.A.I.Y., i Toorani, Z.A., 2025. Advances in sickle cell disease treatment: a comparative review of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy (Casgevy and Lyfgenia). Stem Cells and Development 34(17–18), 363–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/15473287251362882
Ahmed, N., 2005. 23 years of the discovery of Helicobacter pylori: Is the debate over?
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 4(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-4-17
Bergmann, T., Liu, Y., Skov, J., Mogus, L., Lee, J., i in., 2022. Production of human entorhinal stellate cell-like cells by forward programming shows an important role of Foxp1 in reprogramming. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10, 976549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.976549
Betzig, E., Patterson, G.H., Sougrat, R., Lindwasser, O.W., Olenych, S., Bonifacino, J.S., Davidson, M.W., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Hess, H.F., 2006. Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution. Science 313(5793), 1642–1645. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1127344
Bhaskaran, M., Mohan, M., 2014. MicroRNAs: history, biogenesis, and their evolving role in animal development and disease. Veterinary Pathology 51(4), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985813502820
Bhattacharya, S., Satpati, P., 2022. Insights into the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing from molecular dynamics simulations. ACS Omega 8(2), 1817–1837. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05583
Bourdieu, P., 1986. The forms of capital, w: Richardson, J.G. (red.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. Greenwood Press, New York, s. 241–258.
Callon, M., 1986. Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay, w: Law, J. (red.), Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, s. 196–229.
Chen, F., Chen, L., Yan, Z., Xu, J., Feng, L., i in., 2024. Recent advances of CRISPR-based genome editing for enhancing staple crops. Frontiers in Plant Science 15, 1478398. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1478398
Choi, J., Jang, E., Jeong, H., Hwang, J., Cho, H. i in. 2025. Novel miRNAs, miR-937-3p, miR-4536-3p, and miR-4650-5p, can modulate neuronal differentiation via the Wnt/MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Molecular Neurobiology 62(9), 11681–11695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-025-05002-4
Choquet, D., 2014. The 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: a large-scale prize for achievements on the nanoscale. Neuron 84(6), 1116–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.002
Condrat, C.E., Thompson, D.C., Barbu, M.G., Bugnar, O.L., Boboc, A., i in., 2020. miRNAs as biomarkers in disease: latest findings regarding their role in diagnosis and prognosis. Cells 9(2), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020276
DeVeale, B., Swindlehurst-Chan, J., Blelloch, R., 2021. The roles of microRNAs in mouse development. Nature Reviews Genetics 22(5), 307–323. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-00309-5
Dhaiban, S., Chandran, S., Noshi, M., Sajini, A.A., 2025. Clinical translation of human iPSC technologies: advances, safety concerns, and future directions. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 13, 1627149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2025.1627149
Dickson, R.M., Cubitt, A.B., Tsien, R.Y., Moerner, W.E., 1997. On/off blinking and switching behaviour of single molecules of green fluorescent protein. Nature 388(6640), 355–358. https://doi.org/10.1038/41048
García de Abajo, F.J., 2010. Optical excitations in electron microscopy. Reviews of Modern Physics 82(1), 209–275. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.209
Godin, A.G., Lounis, B., Cognet, L., 2014. Super-resolution microscopy approaches for live cell imaging. Biophysical Journal 107(8), 1777–1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.028
Goel, H., Goel, A., 2024. MicroRNA and rare human diseases. Genes 15(10), 1243. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15101243
Gupta, A.K., Krasnoslobodtsev, A.V., 2025. Nucleic-acid-based approaches for detection of microRNA. RNA NanoMed 2(1). https://doi.org/10.59566/ISRNN.2025.0201A
Hashmi, F., 2025. The Easter Discovery That Transformed Medicine: Marshall, Warren, and Helicobacter pylori. OncoDaily. https://oncodaily.com/blog/marshall-278741 (dostęp 6 marca 2026)
Hell, S.W., Wichmann, J., 1994. Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy. Optics Letters 19(11), 780–782. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.19.000780
Jang, D., Kim, C.J., Shin, B.H., Lim, D.H., 2024. The biological roles of microRNAs in Drosophila development. Insects 15(7), 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15070491
Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J.A., i in., 2012. A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science 337(6096), 816–821. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225829
Kim, T.Y., Lee, B.D., 2025. Current therapeutic strategies in Parkinson’s disease: future perspectives. Molecules and Cells 48, 100274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mocell.2025.100274
Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T.P., 2014. Towards critical data studies: Charting and unpacking data assemblages and their work. Programmable City Working Paper 2. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2474112 (dostęp 3 marca 2026).
Klar, T.A., Jakobs, S., Dyba, M., Egner, A., Hell, S.W., 2000. Fluorescence microscopy with diffraction resolution barrier broken by stimulated emission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97(15), 8206–8210. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.15.8206
Konturek, J.W., 2003. Discovery by Jaworski of Helicobacter pylori and its pathogenetic role in peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 54(Suppl. 3), 23–41.
Kreysing, J.P., Heidari, M., Zila, V., Cruz-León, S., Obarska-Kosinska, A., i in., 2025. Passage of the HIV capsid cracks the nuclear pore. Cell 188(4), 930–943.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.008
Kusters, J.G., Van Vliet, A. H. M., Kuipers, E.J., 2006. Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19(3), 449–490. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00054-05
Latour, B., 1996. On actor-network theory: A few clarifications. Soziale Welt 47, 369–381. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40878163
Latour, B., 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford University Press.
Lee, H., Yoon, D.E., Kim, K., 2020. Genome editing methods in animal models. Animal Cells and Systems 24(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2020.1726462
Li, Y., Choi, C.W., Leung, K., Jiang, F., Graham, D. i in., 2023. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 8(6), 553–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00070-5
Lin, Y., Li, J., Li, C., Tu, Z., Li, S., i in., 2022. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in establishing large animal models. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10, 919155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.919155
Liu, S., Dong, H., 2025. RNA signaling in skeletal muscle: the central role of microRNAs and exosomal microRNAs. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 13:1639123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2025.1639123
Ma, C.P., Lo, S.J., Tan, B.C.M., 2025. Good things come in small packages: the discovery of small RNAs in the smallest animal model. Biomedical Journal 48(1), 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2025.100832
Marshall, B.J., Armstrong, J.A., McGechie, D.B., Glancy, R.J., 1985. Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. The Medical journal of Australia, 142(8), 436–439. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x
Merton, R.K., 1968. The Matthew effect in science. Science 159, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3810.56
Marshall, B.J., Armstrong, J.A., McGechie, D.B., Clancy, R.J., 1985. Attempt to fulfil Koch’s postulates for pyloric Campylobacter. Medical Journal of Australia 142(8), 436–439. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x
Meuler D.A., 2011. Helicobacter pylori and the Bacterial Theory of Ulcers. National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. National Science Teaching Association. https://www.nsta.org/ncss-case-study/helicobacter-pylori-and-bacterial-theory-ulcers (dostęp: 7 marca 2026).
Moerner, W.E., Kador, L., 1989. Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid. Physical Review Letters 62(21), 2535–2538. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2535
Morshedzadeh, F., Ghanei, M., Lotfi, M., Ghasemi, M., Ahmadi, M., i in., 2024. An update on the application of CRISPR technology in clinical practice. Molecular Biotechnology 66(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-023-00724-z
Müller, T., Schumann, C., Kraegeloh, A., 2012. STED microscopy and its applications: new insights into cellular processes on the nanoscale. ChemPhysChem 13(8), 1986–2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201100986
Neikirk, K., Vue, Z., Vue, N., Barongan, T., Vang, C., i in., 2024. Disparities in funding for Nobel Prize awards in medicine and physiology across nationalities, races, and gender. Journal of Cellular Physiology 239, e31157. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.31157
Ni, M., Zhuo, S., So, P.T.C., Yu, H., 2017. Fluorescent probes for nanoscopy: four categories and multiple possibilities. Journal of Biophotonics 10(1), 11–23 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201600042
NobelPrize.org, 2005a https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2005/marshall/lecture/ (dostęp 5 marca 2026)
NobelPrize.org, 2005b. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2005/press-release/ (dostęp 6 marca 2026)
O'Brien, J., Hayder, H., Zayed, Y., Peng, C., 2018. Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation. Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne) 9: 402. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00402
Okano, H., Morimoto, S., 2022. iPSC-based disease modeling and drug discovery in cardinal neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Stem Cell 29, 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2022.01.007
Osborn, T.M., Hallett, P.J., Schumacher, J.M., Isacson, O., 2020. Advantages and recent developments of autologous cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease patients. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14, 58. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00058
Peng, Y., Croce, C.M., 2016. The role of microRNAs in human cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 1, 15004. https://doi.org/10.1038/sigtrans.2015.4
Pinch, T.J., Bijker, W.E., 1984. The social construction of facts and artefacts: Or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. Social Studies of Science, 14(3), 399–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631284014003004
Pincock, S., 2005. Nobel Prize winners Robin Warren and Barry Marshall. The Lancet 366(9495), 1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67651-
Rath, D., Amlinger, L., Rath, A., i Lundgren, M., 2015. The CRISPR-Cas immune system: biology, mechanisms and applications. Biochimie 117, 119–128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.025
Saviana, M., Le, P., Micalo, L., Del Valle-Morales, D., Romano, G. i in., 2023. Crosstalk between miRNAs and DNA Methylation in Cancer. Genes 14: 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14051075
Sawamoto, N., Doi, D., Nakanishi, E., Sawamura, M., Kikuchi, T. i in., 2025. Phase I/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for Parkinson’s disease. Nature 641, 971–977. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08700-0
Singh, A., Irfan, H., Fatima, E., Nazir, Z., Verma, A., i Akilimali, A., 2024. Revolutionary breakthrough: FDA approves CASGEVY, the first CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy for sickle cell disease. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 86(8), 4555–4559. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000002146
Song, S.J., Nam, Y., Rim, Y.A., Ju, J.H., Sohn, Y., 2024. Comparative analysis of regulations and studies on stem cell therapies: focusing on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based treatments. Stem Cell Research and Therapy 15, 447. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-04065-9
Spence, M., 1973. Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 87, 355–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010
Thomson, J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S.S., Waknitz, M.A., Swiergiel, J.J., i in., 1998. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282, 1145–1147. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5391.1145
Varshney, G.K., Burgess, S.M., 2025. CRISPR-based functional genomics tools in vertebrate models. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 57(7), 1355–1372. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-025-01514-0
von Zedtwitz, M., Gutmann, T., Engelmann, P., 2025. The Nobel “pride” phenomenon: An analysis of Nobel Prize discoveries and their recognition. Research Policy 54, 105150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2024.105150
Wallerstein, I., 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Duke University Press.
Wang, Z., Peng, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, M., Ju, D. i in., 2025. miRNA-based drugs: challenges and delivery strategies. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 109(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-025-13620-0
Werner, C., Sauer, M., Geis, C., 2021. Super-resolving microscopy in neuroscience.
Chemical Reviews 121(19), 11971–12015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01174
Wightman, B., 2024. It's about time: the heterochronic background for the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Disease Models and Mechanisms 17(11), dmm052187. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.052187
Xu, P., Deng, H., Hong, Z., Zhong, S., Chen, F., i in., 2023. Superresolution fluorescence microscopy of platelet subcellular structures as a potential tumor liquid biopsy. Small Methods 7(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202300445
Xu, S.J., Hu, H.T., Li, H.L., Chang, S., 2019. The role of miRNAs in immune cell development, immune cell activation, and tumor immunity: with a focus on macrophages and natural killer cells. Cells 8(10), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8101140
Yang, P., Khoshandam, M., Bhia, I., Raji, S., Soltaninejad, H., i in., 2025. Integrating CRISPR/Cas technology with clinical trials: principles, progress and challenges. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20(6), Article 101068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2025.101068
Yao, X., Zhang, K., Na, T., Wang, Y., Guo, Y. i in., 2025. Human iPSC-derived spinal neural progenitors enhance sensorimotor recovery in spinal cord-injured NOD-SCID mice via differentiation and microenvironment regulation. Cell Death and Disease 16, 637. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07961-x
Zeng, X., Couture, L.A., 2013. Pluripotent stem cells for Parkinson’s disease: progress and challenges. Stem Cell Research and Therapy 4, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/scrt173
Zuckerman, H., 1967. Nobel laureates in science: Patterns of productivity, collaboration, and authorship. American Sociological Review 32, 391–403. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091086
Zuckerman, H., 1978. The Sociology of the Nobel Prize: Further Notes and Queries. American Scientist 66(4), 420–425.
Zwart, H., 2010. The Nobel Prize as a reward mechanism in the genomics era: Anonymous researchers, visible managers and the ethics of excellence. Bioethical Inquiry 7, 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-010-9248-3
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 KOSMOS
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 5
Liczba cytowań: 0