Blizna na genach: Jak trauma i stres odciskają ślad na przyszłych pokoleniach?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.006Słowa kluczowe
trauma, epigenetyka, metylacja DNA, kortyzol, PTSD, oś HPAAbstrakt
W ostatnich latach badania nad międzypokoleniowym dziedziczeniem traumy wykazały, że traumatyczne doświadczenia mogą wpływać nie tylko na jednostkę, ale także na jej potomstwo. Artykuł omawia mechanizmy biologiczne, takie jak metylacja DNA i zmiany w ekspresji mikroRNA, które mogą pośredniczyć w przekazywaniu skutków traumy. Badania eksperymentalne na zwierzętach i obserwacyjne prowadzone na ludziach sugerują, że dzieci osób, które doświadczyły ekstremalnego stresu – w postaci Holocaustu lub ludobójstwa – „dziedziczą” zmiany epigenetyczne, mogące zwiększać ich podatność na zaburzenia psychiczne, w tym zespołu stresu pourazowego. Choć te rezultaty są interesujące, konieczne są dalsze badania, aby lepiej zrozumieć mechanizmy, przez które środowisko wpływa na biologię organizmów oraz dowiedzieć się, czy te zmiany mogą mieć charakter adaptacyjny.
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