Halotolerancyjne bakterie jako sprzymierzeńcy roślin w walce ze stresem zasolenia gleby
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.014Słowa kluczowe
zasolenie gleby, bioremediacja in situ, bakterie halotolerancyjne, osmoprotektanty, stres osmotyczny, poprawa jakości gleby, mikroorganizmy gleboweAbstrakt
Zasolenie gleb stanowi jedno z najpoważniejszych wyzwań współczesnego rolnictwa, prowadząc do spadku produktywności upraw i degradacji środowiska glebowego. Skutki zasolenia obejmują zaburzenia gospodarki wodno-jonowej roślin, stres osmotyczny oraz ograniczenie dostępności składników pokarmowych. W odpowiedzi na te problemy rośnie zainteresowanie biologicznymi metodami remediacji gleb (bioremediacji), zwłaszcza tych związanych z wykorzystaniem mikroorganizmów halotolerancyjnych. Mikroorganizmy te, zdolne są do funkcjonowania w warunkach zasolenia, m. in dzięki syntetyzowaniu osmoprotektantów - związków wspomagających odporność roślin na stres solny oraz poprawiających właściwości fizykochemiczne i mikrobiologiczne gleby. W niniejszej pracy omówiono wpływ bakterii halotolerancyjnych na dostępność makro- i mikroelementów, formowanie biofilmu oraz ochronę roślin przed toksycznością nadmiernej zawartości rozpuszczonych jonów wywołujących zasolenie gleby. Przedstawione badania wskazują na duży potencjał wdrożeniowy mikrobiologicznych strategii remediacji jako efektywnego, przyjaznego środowisku i opłacalnego ekonomicznie rozwiązania wspierającego uprawy prowadzone w warunkach stresu solnego.
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