Kultury roślinne in vitro – od produkcji leków do ochrony bioróżnorodności
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.016Słowa kluczowe
bioróżnorodność, kalus, kultury in vitro, mikrorozmnażanie, rośliny, zarodki somatyczneAbstrakt
Roślinne kultury in vitro stają się coraz ważniejszym narzędziem w ochronie bioróżnorodności i w zrównoważonym rozwoju. Umożliwiają one nie tylko pozyskiwanie cennych substancji bez niszczenia roślin w ich środowisku naturalnym i niezależnie od warunków klimatycznych, ale także rozmnażanie zagrożonych gatunków i ich reintrodukcję. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd zastosowań różnych typów kultur in vitro w medycynie (produkcja leków, białek terapeutycznych), rolnictwie (biostymulanty, mikrorozmnażanie), przemyśle spożywczym (barwniki, enzymy) i technologii (nanomateriały). Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wykorzystaniu kultur in vitro w ochronie gatunków zagrożonych, dzikich i uprawnych. Autorzy podkreślają znaczenie zintegrowanego podejścia łączącego wiedzę z zakresu biotechnologii, chemii i ochrony środowiska. Mimo trudności w otrzymywaniu wydajnych i długożyjących kultur, zwłaszcza roślin jednoliściennych, technologie in vitro stanowią dziś nie tylko wsparcie dla przemysłu, ale też realną szansę na zachowanie zasobów przyrody dla przyszłych pokoleń.
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