Metody biofortyfikacji służące do wzbogacania upraw żywnościowych w mikroelementy: przegląd ogólny
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2026.002Słowa kluczowe
biofortyfikacja, ukryty głód, hodowla konwencjonalna, praktyki agronomiczne, inżynieria genetyczna, pożyteczne mikroorganizmyAbstrakt
Biofortyfikacja to forma biotechnologii, która zajmuje się problemem ukrytego głodu, stanowiącego szczególny problem w krajach rozwijających się. Głównym celem tego procesu jest wzbogacenie roślin jadalnych typowych dla danego regionu poprzez zwiększenie stężenia niezbędnych składników odżywczych w postaci przyswajalnej, których niedobór może powodować problemy zdrowotne. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia kompleksowy przegląd głównych strategii stosowanych w biofortyfikacji roślin w celu zwiększenia stężenia i przyswajalności pierwiastków śladowych w roślinach uprawnych. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono hodowli konwencjonalnej, podejściom agronomicznym, inżynierii genetycznej oraz wykorzystaniu pożytecznych mikroorganizmów, omawiając ich mechanizmy działania, zalety i ograniczenia. Nowatorski charakter niniejszej pracy polega na zintegrowanym porównaniu tych podejść oraz zidentyfikowaniu kluczowych wyzwań i przyszłych kierunków badań w celu skutecznego wdrożenia biofortyfikacji jako strategii zwalczania globalnych niedoborów mikroelementów.
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