The Basilica of Holy Sepulcher and the architectural complex of Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/TiCz.2021.013Keywords
Jerusalem, Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher, Dome of the Rock, Architecture, Christianity, IslamAbstract
In the fourth century, Jerusalem became a Christian city. The imperator Constantine built a wonderful complex of the Holy Sepulcher. To this complex were transferred all the prerogatives of the ancient Jewish temple. After the Persian destruction (614) of the basilica, Modestus’ works were limited to repairs and restoration only. Thus the structure which Arculfus saw in 670 was the fourth-century structure, which still stands today in large part. The Caliph Omar occupied the Holy City in 638. In the Islamic tradition, the process of Jerusalem’s sacralization was opened. For the Muslims, Jerusalem had been the first qibla of their religion. The city, to which Mohammed was taken miraculously in one night, became also the third holy place, after Mecca and Medina. The Caliph Abd al-Malek (685–705) created in Jerusalem a Moslem sanctuary to rival Mecca. The similarity of the architectural plan of the Haram al-Sharif and the Constantinian complex of Anastasis is evident. A major similarity is the axial alignment of the Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhra) and the al-Aqsa mosque (Masjid al-Aqsa), on the one side, and the Anastasis and the Martyrium, on the other. Architecturally, the Dome of the Rock is a memorial monument exactly as the Anastasis, while the al-Aqsa and the Martyrium are the places of gathering and worship.
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