Pacanowska-Trawnicka, Martyna, Małgorzata Blecharczyk, Igor Zydlewski, Martyna Mrozek, Aleksandra Jakimowicz, Agnieszka Zielińska, Zuzanna Kamińska, and Aleksandra Malcher. 2026. “How Does Caffeine Enhance Athletic Performance? A Literature Review of Its Effects, Mechanisms of Action, Safety, Side Effects, and Sport- and Sex-Based Differences”. Quality in Sport 54 (April). https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.54.70697.