The Influence of External, Internal and Artificial Environment Upon the Occurrence of Breast Cancer and Coping with the Disease. The Verification of the Systemic Theory of Betty Neumann
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/4097Keywords
the systemic theory of Betty Neumann, breast cancerAbstract
Betty Neumann makes an assumption that a human being may exert influence upon the environment, or be subjected to the influence exerted upon him or her by the environment, in both negative and positive manner. She enumerates three varieties of environments, which act through so-called ‘stressors’ and permeate each other. Apart from the external and internal environment, she singles out an artificial environment as well.
The qualitative analysis of the literature and also that of collected research material aimed at performing the classification of environmental stressors, which may exert influence upon the occurrence of breast cancer. A particularly important task was that of conducting the assessment of the artificial environment, which is created by female patients in order to cope with the disease and its consequences. In the research, women suffering from breast cancer and without assessed genetic mutation, and women with a diagnosed mutation of the BRCA gene participated.
It turns out that the development of the artificial environment, which means one's own defense mechanisms, does not always have an appropriate course. Nurses ought to be aware of the existence of such an environment and support its positive development.
References
Górajek-Józwik J: Philosophy and theories of nursing, Czelej Publisher, Lublin 2004: 324-334.
Ślubowska M., Ślubowski T.: Psychosocial problems in breast cancer. Psychooncology 2008, 12; 1:14-26.
Felsmann M.: Data Collection Sheet for Nursing Diagnoses developed by CM UMK, teaching material.
Wrona- Polańska H.: Health, stress, illness, psychological dimension", Impuls Publisher, Cracow 2008: 21-33.
Dolińska- Zygmunt D.: Base of health psychology, Publisher of Wrocław's University, Wrocław 2001: 71-99.
Wotson M., i inni: The Mini MAC: further development of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale. Jurnal of Psychosocial Oncology, 1994, 12,3, 38-46.
Michałowska- Wieczorek.: Medical and psychological care of patients in cancer genetic counseling clinic. Via Medica 2006, 10,1.
Umed Sing, Nidhi Verma: Psychopatology among Female Breast cancer Patients. Jornal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 2007, Vol 33, 1:61-64.
Salmon P.: Psychology in medicine, Psychological Publisher in Gdańsk. Gdańsk 2002.
National Cancer Policy Bard. Meeting psychosocjal needs of women with breast cancer. Hewitt M., Herdman R., Holland J.(red) Nat. Acad. Press. Washington, D. C. 2004;1012, 21-62.
Wronkowski Z. inni.: Psychological aspects of breast cancer screening Sł. Zdr. 2000; 24-26.
Lerman C., Hughes c., Lemon S, J i wsp. What You don't know can hurt you: adverse psychological effects in members of BRCA1 and BRCA2 - linked families who decline testing. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998, 16, 5: 1650-1654.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 0
Number of citations: 0